Partitioning of Evapotranspiration Using Lysimeter and Micro‐Bowen‐Ratio System
Publication: Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering
Volume 120, Issue 2
Abstract
The present study estimated evaporation and transpiration losses separately during various growth stages of a tomato crop (Lycopersicon escallen mill. UC 82 variety), in Davis, California. Micro‐Bowen‐ratio systems were used during the summer of 1984 to determine net radiation and temperature, and humidity gradients close to the soil surface. Transpiration was determined by subtracting from crop evapotranspiration as measured by a large weighing lysimeter. Results show considerable effects of soil moisture on evaporation and above‐soil net radiation during early growth stages, but the effects diminished greatly as crop cover approached a maximum. With crop cover less than 50%, soil‐surface evaporation one day after, irrigation was much higher than for two or three days later. Increased transpiration occurred as the soil surface dried, apparently in response to decreased evaporation. Irrigation timing and crop cover substantially affected partitioning of . At 34% crop cover, was evenly split into and . Later, at 43% and 85% cover, calculated values were 0.28 and 0.05, respectively.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
1.
Ashktorab, H., Pruitt, W. O., Paw U, K. T., and George, W. V. (1989). “Energy balance determinations close to the soil surface using a micro Bowen ratio system.” Agric. For. Meteorol., 46, 259–274.
2.
Angus, D. E., and Watts, P. J. (1984). “Evapotranspiration—how good is the Bowen ratio method?” Agric. Water Mgmt., 8, 133–150.
3.
Black, T. A., Gardner, W. R., and Thurtell, G. W. (1969). “The prediction of evaporation, drainage, and soil water storage for a bare soil.” Proc., Soil Sci. Soc. Am., 33, 655–660.
4.
Burn, L. J., Kanemasu, E. T., and Powers, W. L. (1972). “Evapotranspiration from soybean and sorghum fields.” Agron. J., 64, 145–148.
5.
Conaway, J., and Van Bavel, C. H. M. (1967). “Evaporation from a wet soil surface calculated from radiometrically determined surface temperatures.” J. Appl. Meteorol., 6, 650–655.
6.
Denmead, O. T. (1973). “Relative significance of soil and plant evaporation in estimating evapotranspiration.” Plant response to climatic factors, UNESCO, Paris, France, 505–511.
7.
Dewit, C. T. (1958). Transpiration and crop yields, Vers. L. Landbouwk. Inst. of Biological and Chemical Res. on Field Crops and Herbage, Wageningen, The Netherlands, On derz., 64.6.
8.
Dyer, A. J. (1974). “A review of flux‐profile relationships.” Boundary‐Layer Meteorol., 7, 363–372.
9.
Fritschen, L. J. (1965). “Accuracy of evapotranspiration determination by the Bowen ratio method.” Bull. Int. Assoc. Sci. Hydrol., 10, 38–48.
10.
Hanks, R. J. (1974). “Model for predicting plant yield as influenced by water use.” Agron. J., 66, 660–665.
11.
Horton, R., and Wierenga, P. J. (1983). “Estimating the soil heat flux from observations of soil temperature near the surface.” Proc., Soil Sci. Soc. Am., 47, 14–21.
12.
Kanemasu, E. T., Stone, L. R., and Powers, W. L. (1976). “Evapotranspiration model tested for soybean and sorghum.” Agron. J., 68, 569–572.
13.
Klocke, N. L., Heermann, D. F., and Duke, H. R. (1985). “Measurement of evaporation and transpiration with lysimeters.” Trans. ASAE, 28(1), 183–189, 192.
14.
Klocke, N. L., Heermann, D. F., and Watts, D. W. (1983). “Daily trends in soil evaporation and plant transpiration for irrigated corn.” Proc., Specialty Conf. on Adv. in Irrig. and Drain: Surviving External Pressures, ASCE, New York, N.Y., 55–62.
15.
Kristensen, K. J. (1974). “Actual evapotranspiration in relation to leaf area.” Nordic Hydrol. (Copenhagen), 5(3), 173–182.
16.
Martin, D. L., Klocke, N. L., and DeHann, D. L. (1985). “Measuring evaporation using mini‐lysimeters.” Proc., ASAE Nat. Symp. on Adv. in Evapotranspirations, Chicago, Ill.
17.
Philip, J. R. (1961). “The theory of heat flux meters.” J. Geophys. Res., 66, 571–579.
18.
Pruitt, W. O. (1963). “Application of several energy balance and aerodynamic evaporation equations under a wide range of stability.” USAEPG Final Rep., Investigation of energy, momentum and mass transfers near the ground including the influences of the soil‐plant‐atmospheric system, Univ. of California at Davis, Davis, Calif., 107–124.
19.
Pruitt, W. O., and Angus, D. E. (1960). “Large weighing lysimeter for measuring evapotranspiration.” Trans. of the ASAE, 3(2), 13–15, 18.
20.
Pruitt, W. O., and Doorenbos, J. (1977). “Empirical calibration, a requisite for evapotranspiration formulae based on daily or longer mean climatic data?” Proc., Int. Roundtable Conf. on Evapotranspiration, I.C.I.D. Budapest, Hungary.
21.
Pruitt, W. O., and Lourence, F. J. (1966). “Test of aerodynamic, energy balance and other evaporation equations over a grass surface.” USAEPG Final Rep., AD 635‐588, Investigation of energy, momentum and mass transfers near the ground, Univ. of California at Davis, Davis, Calif., 37–63.
22.
Pruitt, W. O., and Lourence, F. J. (1985). “Experiences in lysimetry for ET and surface‐drag measurements.” Am. Soc. of Agric. Engin., Publ. No. 14‐85, Advances in Evapotranspiration, St. Joseph, Mich., 51–59.
23.
Pruitt, W. O., Morgan, D. L., and Lourence, F. J. (1973). “Momentum and mass transfers in the surface boundary layer.” Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, London, England, 99, 370–386.
24.
Ritchie, J. T. (1972). “Model for predicting evapotranspiration from a row crop with incomplete cover.” Water Resour. Res., 8, 1204–1213.
25.
Ritchie, J. T. (1983). “Efficient water use in crop production: discussion on the generality of relations between biomass production and evapotranspiration.” Limitations to Efficient Water Use in Crop Production. H. M. Taylor, W. R. Jordon, and T. R. Sinclair, eds., 29–44.
26.
Ritchie, J. T., and Burnett, E. (1971). “Dryland evaporative flux in a subhumid climate: II plant influences.” Agron. J., 63, 56–62.
27.
Rosenthal, W. D., Kanemasu, E. T., Ranez, R. J., and Stone, L. R. (1977). “Evaluation of an evapotranspiration model for corn.” Agron. J., 69, 461–464.
28.
Sellers, W. D. (1967). Physical climatology. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, Ill.
29.
Shawcroft, R. W., and Gardner, W. H. (1983). “Direct evaporation from soil under a row crop canopy.” Agric. Meteorol., 28, 229–238.
30.
Stanhill, G. (1973). “Evaporation, transpiration and evapotranspiration: a case for Ockham's razor.” Physical aspects of soil water and salts in ecosystems. A. Hadas, D. Swartzendruber, P. E. Rijtema, M. Fuchs, and B. Yardn, eds., Springer‐Verlag, New York, N.Y., 207–220.
31.
Tanner, C. B. (1960). “Energy balance approach to evapotranspiration from crop.” Proc., Soil Sci. Soc. Am., 24, 1–9.
32.
Tanner, C. B. (1968). “Evaporation of water from plant and soil.” Water deficits and plant growth. 1, T. T. Koslowski, ed., Academic Press, New York, N.Y., 73–106.
33.
Tanner, C. B., and Jury, W. A. (1976). “Estimating evaporation and transpiration from a row crop during incomplete cover.” Agron. J., 68, 239–243.
34.
Yaglom, A. M. (1977). “Comments on wind and temperature flux profile relationships.” Boundary Layer Meteorol., 11, 89–109.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering
Volume 120 • Issue 2 • March 1994
Pages: 450 - 464
Copyright
Copyright © 1994 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Dec 23, 1991
Published online: Mar 1, 1994
Published in print: Mar 1994
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.