Evapotranspiration in Sudan Gezira Irrigation Scheme
Publication: Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering
Volume 115, Issue 6
Abstract
Rapid irrigation development in the Sudan has stretched to the limit its share in the Nile waters. Significant savings on irrigation water can be made by improved water management. Accurate estimation of crops evapotranspiration, ET, is a prerequisite. ET was estimated by predicting first reference crop evapotranspiration. Grass was selected as the reference crop. FAO‐Penman with Penman (1948) wind function for clipped grass was ranked first among the methods selected to predict grass ET. Using the crop coefficients of Doorenbos and Kassam (1979), ET for cotton, groundnuts and wheat grown in the Gezira scheme were then predicted. Predicted and measured ET remained well within For air temperature higher and lower than 28.3° C, it was found that warm‐season grass ET was equal to 1.0 and 0.635 ET of cool‐season grass, respectively. Because of this temperature effect, care must be taken not to use these two grass varieties indiscriminately to estimate crop ET.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
1.
Adam, H. S. (1984). “On the wind function in the Penman formula.” Conf. on Water Distribution in Sudanese Irrigated Agr., Fadl and Bailey, eds.
2.
Allen, R. G. (1986). “A Penman for all seasons.” J. Irrig. and Drain. Engrg., ASCE, 112(4), 348–368.
3.
Allen, R. G., and Pruitt, W. O. (1986). “Rational use of the FAO Elaney‐Criddle formula.” J. Irrig. and Drain. Engrg., ASCE, 112(2), 139–155.
4.
Al Sha'lan, S. A., and Salih, A. M. A. (1987). “Evapotranspiration estimates in extremely arid areas.” J. Irrig. and Drain. Engrg., ASCE, 113(4), 565–574.
5.
Borelli, J., et al. (1981). “Blaney‐Criddle coefficients for western turf grasses.” J. Irrig. and Drain. Div., ASCE, 107(4), 333–341.
6.
Burman, R. D., Cuenca, R. H., and Weiss, A. (1983). “Techniques for estimating irrigation water requirements.” Advances in irrigation, D. Hillel, ed. Vol. 2, Academic Press, New York, N.Y., 335–394.
7.
Doorenbos, J., and Kassam, A. H. (1979). “Yield response to water.” Irrigation and Drainage Paper No. 33, FAO, Rome, Italy.
8.
Doorenbos, J., and Pruitt, W. O. (1977). “Guidelines for predicting crop water requirements.” Irrigation and Drainage Paper No. 24, FAO, Rome, Italy.
9.
Fadl, O. A. A. (1978). “Evapotranspiration measured by a neutron probe on Sudan Gezira vertisols.” Exper. Agric, 14, 341–347.
10.
Fadl, O. A. A. (1987). “Water use of Acala cotton.” Annual report 1978–79, Agricultural Research Corp., 143–147.
11.
Fadl, O. A. A., and Adam, H. S. (1983). “The influence of the unique vertisols of Sudan on irrigation and crop production.” Proc., Conf. on Irrigated Agr. in the Arab World, Arab Organization for Agricultural Development, Khartoum, Sudan.
12.
Farbrother, H. G. (1970). “Irrigatigon practices on Gezira clay—rates and intervals.” Gezira misc. paper No. 94, Gezira Agric. Res. Station.
13.
Farbrother, H. G. (1977). “Tables of crop‐water requirements.” FAO/TCP Project 6/SUD/01 M.
14.
Farbrother, H. G. (1979). “Water requirements of crops in the Gezira.” Annual report 1972–73, Agricultural Research Corp., 39–65.
15.
Frevert, D. K., Hill, R. W., and Braaten, B. C. (1983). “Estimation of FAO evapotranspiration coefficients.” J. Irrig. and Drain. Div., ASCE, 109(2), 265–270.
16.
Hargreaves, G. H. (1975). “Moisture availability and crop production.” Trans., ASAE, 18(5), 980–984.
17.
Hargreaves, G. H. (1984). Discussion of “Estimation of FAO evapotranspiration coefficients,” by Donald K. Frevert, et al., J. Irrig. and Drain. Div., ASCE, 110(2), 257–259.
18.
Hargreaves, G. H., and Samani, Z. A. (1987). “Simplified irrigation scheduling and crop selection for El Salvador.” J. Irrig. and Drain Engrg., ASCE, 113(2), 224–232.
19.
Hargreaves, G. L., Hargreaves, G. H., and Riley, J. P. (1985). “Irrigation water requirements for Senegal River basin.” J. Irrig. and Drain., ASCE, 111(3), 265–275.
20.
Jensen, M. E., ed. (1974). “Consumptive use of water and irrigation water requirements.” Rep. by the Tech. Comm. Irrig. Water Regu., Irrig. and Drain. Div., ASCE.
21.
Jensen, M. E., Wright, J. L., and Pratt, B. J. (1971). “Estimating soil moisture depletion from climate, crop and soil data.” Trans., ASAE, 14(5), 754–959.
22.
Penman, H. L. (1948). “Natural evaporation from open water, bare soil and grass.” Proc., Roy. Soc. London, A 193, 120–146.
23.
Pruitt, W. O., and Doorenbos, J. (1977). “Background and development of methods to predict reference evapotranspiration.” Irrig. and Drainage Paper No. 24, Appendix II, FAO, Rome, Italy.
24.
Salih, A. M. A. (1986). “Arid lands: Evaporation under extremely arid climates.” Handbook of civil engineering, Technomic Publishing, N.J.
25.
Salih, A. M. A., and Sendil, U. (1984). “Evapotranspiration under extremely arid climates.” J. Irrig. and Drain. Engrg., 110(3), 289–303.
26.
Wright, J. L. (1982). “New evapotranspiration crop coefficients.” J. Irrig. and Drain. Div., ASCE, 108(1), 57–74.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering
Volume 115 • Issue 6 • December 1989
Pages: 1018 - 1033
Copyright
Copyright © 1989 ASCE.
History
Published online: Dec 1, 1989
Published in print: Dec 1989
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.