Water Flow in Layered Soils With Sloping Surface
Publication: Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering
Volume 114, Issue 3
Abstract
An analytical solution is derived for a two‐dimensional soil with a sloping surface under steady and water‐saturated flow conditions. The soil was assumed to consist of several layers, each horizontally stratified. The lower layer was assumed to extend to a great depth. Each layer was considered anisotropic in nature where the hydraulic conductivity in the vertical (κ) and the horizontal (ξ) directions are dissimilar. Potential and stream functions are obtained and several flow nets are presented for two‐layered soils with varying degrees of anisotropy. The range of values chosen was and equivalent hydraulic conductivities for two soil layers were 1:1, 1:10, and 10:1. The results illustrate the significance of the degree of anisotropy of each soil layer on the water flow pattern, the relative flow rate, and the volume of water passing through individual soil layers. The presence of an anisotropic lower layer did not influence the relative flow rate entering (or leaving) the soil. Moreover, for most cases, the location along the soil surface which separates seepage into and out of the soil was not influenced by the degree of anisotropy of the infinitely thick lower layer.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
1.
Ahuja, L. R., and Ross, J. D. (1982). “Interflow of water through a sloping soil with seepage face.” Soil Sci. Society of America Journal, 46(2), 245–250.
2.
Dabney, S. M., and Selim, H. M. (1987). “Anisotropy of a fragipan soil: Vertical vs. horizontal hydraulic conductivity.” Soil Sci. Society of America Journal, 51(1), 3–6.
3.
Kirkham, D. (1947). “Studies of hillside seepage in the Iowan drift area.” Proc. Soil Sci. Society of America, 12, 73–80.
4.
Kirkham, D., and Powers, W. L. (1984). Advanced soil physics. Krieger Publishing Co., Malabar, Fla.
5.
Klute, A., Scott, E. I., and Whisler, F. D. (1965). “Steady state water flow in a saturated inclined soil slab.” Water Resources Res., 1(2), 287–294.
6.
Kreyszig, E. (1983). Advanced engineering mathematics. Wiley‐Interscience, New York, N.Y.
7.
Mitchell, J. K., Hooper, D. R., and Campanella, R. G. (1965). “Permeability of compacted clay.” J. Mech. and Found. Div., ASCE, 91(1), 41–65.
8.
Powers, W. L., Kirkham, D., and Snowden, G. (1967). “Orthonormal functions tables and seepage of steady rain through soil bedding.” J. Geophys. Res., 72(24), 6225–6237.
9.
Prunty, L., and Kirkham, D. (1980). “Seepage vs. terrace density in reclaimed mineland soil.” J. Environ. Qual., 9(2), 273–278.
10.
Selim, H. M. (1975). “Water flow through a multilayer stratified hillside.” Water Resources Res., 11(6), 949–957.
11.
Selim, H. M. (1987). “Water seepage through multilayered anisotropic hillsides.” Soil Sci. Society of America Journal, 51(1), 9–16.
12.
Selim, M. S., and Kirkham, D. (1972). “Seepage through soil bedding or a hillside due to steady rainfall. II. Soil surface of arbitrary shape.” Soil Sci. Society of America Journal, 36(3), 407–412.
13.
Warrick, A. W. (1970). “A mathematical solution to a hillside seepage problem.” Soil Sci. Society of America Journal, 34(6), 849–853.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Copyright
Copyright © 1988 ASCE.
History
Published online: Aug 1, 1988
Published in print: Aug 1988
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.