URANS Computations of Shallow Grid Turbulence
Publication: Journal of Hydraulic Engineering
Volume 135, Issue 2
Abstract
This paper describes the unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (URANS) computations of a quasi-two-dimensional (2D) grid turbulence in shallow open-channel flows, generated downstream of multiple piers aligned at regular intervals over the channel width. In shallow open-channel flows, the vertical confinement of the flow generally suppresses the three dimensionality and attains two-dimensional features with up-cascading of turbulent kinetic energy from small-scale toward large-scale structures. In this study, 2D depth averaged and 3D Reynolds-averaged equations with linear and nonlinear URANS turbulence models are applied to a shallow open-channel flow downstream of multiple piers and numerical results are discussed through a comparison with the experimental results performed by Uijttewaal and Jirka in 2003. We employed 0-equation models and models for the 2D and 3D computations, respectively. In 2D computations, vortices downstream of the grid occurred synchronously in the computation with both the linear and nonlinear 0-equation models. In the 3D computations, vortex merging and up-cascading of the kinetic energy were captured when artificial disturbance is added at the inlet. The measured decay of the turbulent kinetic energy in the streamwise direction, with a slope of , was well captured by computation with the 3D models with inlet disturbance. The flow sensitivity on the inlet disturbance was rather small in the wide range of the disturbance ratios.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
Abbott, M. B. (1979). Computational hydraulics, Pitman, London.
Ali, M. S., Hosoda, T., and Kimura, I. (2007). “Unsteady RANS computation of compound channel flows with large scale vortices and secondary currents.” Proc. 5th Int. Symp. on Environmental Hydraulics, Tempe, Ariz., in press.
Bosch, G., and Rodi, W. (1998). “Simulation of vortex shedding past a square cylinder with different turbulence models.” Int. J. Numer. Methods Fluids, 28, 601–616.
Bousmar, D., and Zech, Y. (2002). “Periodical turbulent structures in compound channels.” Proc., River Flow 2002, Vol. 1, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium, Balkema, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, 177–185.
Chow, V. T. (1959). Open-channel hydraulics, McGraw-Hill, New York.
Craft, T. J., Launder, B. E., and Suga, K. (1993). “Extending the applicability of eddy viscosity models through the use of deformation invariants and non-linear elements.” Proc., 5th IAHR Conf. on Refined-Flow Modeling and Measurement, Paris, 125–132.
Franke, R., and Rodi, W. (1993). “Calculation of vortex shedding past a square cylinder with various turbulence models.” Turbulent shear flows, Vol. 8, Springer, New York, 189–204.
Gatski, T. B., and Speziale, C. G. (1993). “On explicit algebraic stress models for complex turbulent flows.” J. Fluid Mech., 254, 59–78.
Hinterberger, C., Frohlich, J., and Rodi, W. (2007). “Three-dimensional and depth-averaged large-eddy simulations of some shallow water flows.” J. Hydraul. Eng., 133, 857–872.
Hirt, C. W., Nichols, B. D., and Romero, N. C. (1975). “SOLA—A numerical solution algorithm for transient fluid flows.” Los Alamos Scientific Rep., No. LA-5852, Los Alamos, N.M.
Hosoda, T., Sakurai, T., Kimura, T., and Muramoto, Y. (2000). “3-D computations of compound open channel flows with horizontal vortices and secondary currents by means of non-linear model.” J. Hydrosci. Hydr. Eng., 17(2), 87–96.
Kato, M., and Launder, B. E. (1993). “The modeling of turbulent flow around stationary and vibrating square cylinders.” Proc., 9th Symp. on Turbulent Shear Flows, Vol. 1, Kyoto, Japan, 10.4.1–10.4.6.
Kimura, I., and Hosoda, T. (1997). “Fundamental properties of flows in an open channel with a rectangular dead zone.” J. Hydraul. Eng., 123, 98–107.
Kimura, I., and Hosoda, T. (2003). “A non-linear model with realizability for prediction of flows around bluff bodies.” Int. J. Numer. Methods Fluids, 42, 813–837.
Kimura, I., and Hosoda, T. (2004). “Computations of 2D shallow mixing layers in open channel flows using a modified depth-averaged model.” Proc., 4th Int. Symp. on Environmental Hydraulics and 14th Congress of Asia and Pacific Division, Vol. 1, IAHR, Hong Kong, 981–987.
Kimura, I., and Hosoda, T. (2006). “Comparison of 2D and 3D computational models on 2D shallow mixing layer.” Proc., 61st Annual Conf. (CD-ROM), JSCE, Tokyo (in Japanese).
Kimura, I., Hosoda, T., and Onda, S. (2006). “Predictions of turbulent flows around a bridge pier using various numerical models.” Proc., River Flow 2006, Int. Conf. Fluvial Hydraulics, Vol. 1, Taylor & Francis–Balkema, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, 767–775.
Kimura, I., Hosoda, T., Onda, S., and Tominaga, A. (2004a). “Computations of 3D turbulent flow structures around submerged spur dikes under various hydraulic conditions.” Proc., River Flow 2004, Vol. 8, Balkema, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, 543–553.
Kimura, I., Hosoda, T., Onda, S., and Tominaga, A. (2004b). “3D numerical analysis of unsteady flow structures around inclined spur dikes by means of a non-linear model.” Shallow flows, Proc., Shallow Flows Symp, G. Jirka and W. Uijttewaal, eds., Balkema, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, 651–659.
Kimura, I., Hosoda, T., and Sakurai, T. (2001). “Prediction of flow characteristics in compound open channels by means of a non-linear model.” Proc., 3rd Int. Symp. on Environmental Hydraulics (CD-ROM), Tempe, Ariz.
Lyn, D. A. (1992). “Vortex shedding past a square cylinder.” ERCOFTAC fluid dynamics database, Vol. 43, ⟨http://www.ercoftac.org/⟩.
Lyn, D. A., Einav, W., Rodi, W., and Park, J.-H. (1995). “A laser-doppler velocimetry study of ensemble-averaged characteristics of the turbulent near wake of a square cylinder.” J. Fluid Mech., 304, 285–319.
Nadaoka, K., and Yagi, H. (1993). “Horizontal large-eddy computation of river flow with transverse shear by the SDS & 2DH model.” J. Hydr. Coast and Envir. Engrg., 473(II-24), 35–44 (in Japanese).
Nakayama, A., and Miyashita, K. (2001). “URANS simulation of flow over smooth topography.” Int. J. Numer. Methods Heat Fluid Flow, 11(8), 723–743.
Nezu, I., and Nakagawa, H. (1993). Turbulence in open channel flows, IAHR Monograph, Balkema, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
Pope, S. B. (1975). “A more general effective viscosity hypothesis.” J. Fluid Mech., 72, 331–340.
Tan, W. (1992). Shallow water hydraulics, Elsevier Oceanography Series, Elsevier Science Publishers BV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Uijttewaal, W. S. J., and Jirka, G. H. (2003). “Grid turbulence in shallow flows.” J. Fluid Mech., 489, 325–344.
van Prooijen, B. (2004). “Shallow mixing layers,” Ph.D. thesis, Delft Univ. of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands.
Yoshizawa, A. (1984). “Statistical analysis of the deviation of the Reynolds stress from its eddy viscosity representation.” Phys. Fluids, 27, 1377–1387.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Hydraulic Engineering
Volume 135 • Issue 2 • February 2009
Pages: 118 - 131
Copyright
© 2009 ASCE.
History
Received: Aug 18, 2007
Accepted: Jul 23, 2008
Published online: Feb 1, 2009
Published in print: Feb 2009
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.