Flow Patterns in a Four-Branch Junction with Supercritical Flow
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Volume 134, Issue 6
Abstract
This paper describes the flow structures that occur in a 90° junction of four open channels with supercritical flow in two orthogonal inlet channels. An experimental facility was constructed to permit the measurement of flow rates, water depths, and the positions of hydraulic jumps in the channels. The various flow patterns which appear depend on the characteristics of the incoming flows and can be classified into three main types, depending on the location and shape of the hydraulic jumps that develop. These jumps can either be normal to the flow and located in the upstream channels, or can be oblique and confined within the junction. The explanation for the existence of various flow patterns is derived from previous studies of the rapid deflection of supercritical flow. A detailed description of each flow regime is provided, with information on the surface elevations, the behavior of the hydraulic jumps, the deflections of the incoming flows, and the formation and characteristics of recirculation zones.
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Acknowledgments
The experimental installation was designed and constructed by P. Dutheil, and we gratefully acknowledge his contribution to the project. The research was funded by the French CNRS (SPI-ACI jeune chercheur “Hydraulics in urban areas,” 2002), the program ECCO-PNRH 2003 (Project No. UNSPECIFIED31), and by the French Environment Ministry under the Rio2 Program “Assessment of the surface flows for an extreme flood in urbanized areas.” The writers are grateful to students D. Garreau and P. Pointereau for their help with the measurements.
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Published In
Journal of Hydraulic Engineering
Volume 134 • Issue 6 • June 2008
Pages: 701 - 713
Copyright
© 2008 ASCE.
History
Received: Jun 21, 2005
Accepted: Sep 13, 2007
Published online: Jun 1, 2008
Published in print: Jun 2008
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