Buoyant Surface Discharges into Water Bodies. II: Jet Integral Model
This article is a reply.
VIEW THE ORIGINAL ARTICLEThis article has a reply.
VIEW THE REPLYPublication: Journal of Hydraulic Engineering
Volume 133, Issue 9
Abstract
The near-field region of a buoyant surface discharge into water bodies often displays significant jet-like motions in form of free jets, shoreline-attached jets, and wall jets, respectively, as classified by the CORMIX3 expert system [see Jones et al., (2007, Paper I)]. A new jet integral model CorSurf has been developed that addresses in a single formulation this entire spectrum of jet motions in both deep or shallow environments. The model employs an entrainment closure approach for the separate contributions of entrainment resulting from transverse shear, buoyant damping, advected puff motions, frontal mixing, and interfacial mixing due to lateral spreading. It also contains a quadratic law turbulent drag force mechanism. An alternative model formulation applies to the two-dimensional bottom-attached form of the jet. This formulation contains a deflecting pressure force mechanism as well as the bottom shear force. Specific criteria describe bottom attachment and detachment processes. Finally, a number of confinement effects on the jet dynamics due to shallow water and/or lateral boundaries are included. The model has been validated under a wide range of geometric and dynamic conditions using, in particular, hitherto unavailable high-resolution laboratory data.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Acknowledgments
Support from the German Science Foundation (DFG) during the course of this study is gratefully acknowledged. Significant portions of this work have been carried out during sabbatical semesters at University of Canterbury, New Zealand, and MIT (1999/2000), and at Instituto Nacional del Agua, Buenos Aires, Argentina (2004/5), respectively. Thanks to Alejo Sarubbi who helped with the illustrations.
References
Abdelwahed, M. S. T., and Chu, V. H. (1981). “Surface jets and surface plumes in cross-flows.” Technical Rep. No. 81-1, Fluid Mechanics Laboratory, McGill Univ., Montreal.
Adams, E. E., Stolzenbach, K. D., and Harleman, D. R. F. (1975). “Near and far field analysis of buoyant surface discharges into large bodies of water.” Technical Rep. No. 203, R. M. Parsons Laboratory for Water Resources and Hydrodynamics, MIT, Cambridge, Mass.
Akar, P. J., and Jirka, G. H. (1994). “Buoyant spreading processes in pollutant transport and mixing. I: Lateral spreading in strong ambient current.” J. Hydraul. Res., 32(6), 815–831.
Almquist, C. W., and Stolzenbach, K. D. (1980). “Staged multiport diffusers.” J. Hydr. Div., 106(2), 285–302.
Atkinson, J. F. (1993). “Detachment of buoyant surface jets discharged on slope.” J. Hydraul. Eng., 119(8), 878–894.
Brocard, D. N. (1984). “Surface buoyant jets in reversing and steady crossflows. I: Experiments.” Technical Rep. No. 18-84/M424F, Alden Research Laboratory, Worcester, Mass.
Carter, H. H., Schiemer, E. W., and Regier, R. (1974). “The buoyant surface jet discharging normally to an ambient flow of various depths.” Technical Rep. No. 81, Chesapeake Bay Institute, Johns Hopkins Univ., Baltimore.
Chu, V. H., and Jirka, G. H. (1986). “Buoyant surface jets and plumes in environmental fluid mechanics.” Encyclopaedia of fluid mechanics, N. Cheremisinoff, ed., Chap. 27, Gulf, Houston.
Delft Hydraulics. (1983). “Buoyant surface jets in crossflow.” Rep. on Experimental Investigation—S350-II, Delft Hydraulics Laboratory, Delft, The Netherlands (two volumes).
Dinelli, G., and Parrini, F. (1975). “An experimental evaluation of heat transfer to the environment by cooling water discharges from the Vado Ligure power plant using an infrared technique.” Proc., 16th Congress of Int. Assoc. for Hydraulic Research, Sao Paulo, Brazil, 3, 246–254.
Hauenstein, W. (1983). “Zuflussbedingte dichtestromungen in seen.” Tech. Rep. No. R20-83, Inst. for Hydromechanics, ETH Zurich, Switzerland.
Hayashi, T., and Shuto, N. (1967). “Diffusion of warm water jets discharged horizontally at water surface.” Proc., 12th Congress of Int. Assoc. for Hydraulic Research, Fort Collins, Colo.
Jen, Y., Wiegel, R. L., and Mobarek, I. (1966). “Surface discharges of horizontal warm water jets.” J. Power Div., 92(2), 1–29.
Jirka, G. H. (1982). “Turbulent buoyant jets in shallow fluid layers.” Turbulent jets and plumes, W. Rodi, ed., Pergamon, New York.
Jirka, G. H. (2004). “Integral model for turbulent buoyant jets in unbounded stratified flows. 1: The single round jet.” Environmental Fluid Mechanics, 4, 1–56.
Jirka, G. H. (2006). “Integral model for turbulent buoyant jets in unbounded stratified flows. 2: plane jet dynamics resulting from multiport diffuser jets.” Environmental Fluid Mechanics, 6, 43–100.
Jirka, G. H., Adams, E. E., and Stolzenbach, K. D. (1981). “Buoyant surface jets.” J. Hydr. Div., 107(11), 1467–1487.
Jirka, G. H., and Akar, P. J. (1991). “Hydrodynamic classification of submerged multiport diffusers discharges.” J. Hydraul. Eng., 117(9), 1113–1128.
Jirka, G. H., and Doneker, R. L. (1991). “Hydrodynamic classification of submerged single port discharges.” J. Hydraul. Eng., 117(9), 1095–1112.
Jirka, G. H., and Uijttewaal, W. S. J. (2004). “Shallow flows: A definition.“ Shallow flows, G. H. Jirka and W. Uijttewaal, eds., Balkema, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
Jones, G. M., Nash, J. D., Doneken, R. L., and Jinka, G. H. (2007). “Buoyant surface discharge into water bodies. I: Flow classification and prediction methodology.” J. Hydraul. Eng., 133(9), 1010–1020.
Koester, G. E. (1974). “Experimental study of submerged single-port thermal discharges.” MS thesis, Dept. of Civil Engineering, M.I.T., Cambridge, Mass.
Lal, P. B. B., and Rajaratnam, N. (1975). “An experimental study of heated surface discharges into quiescent ambients.” Tech. Rep., Dept. of Civil Engineering, Univ. of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.
Kuhlman, J. M., and Prahl, J. M. (1974). “Laboratory modeling of surface thermal plumes.” Rep. No. FTAS/TR-74-102, School of Engineering, Case Western Reserve Univ., Cleveland.
Parker, G., Garcia, M., Fukushima, M., and Yu, W. (1987). “Experiments on turbidity currents over an erodable bed.” J. Hydraul. Res., 25(1), 123–147.
Rodi W., ed. (1982). Turbulent jets and plumes, Pergamon, New York.
Rouse, H. (1957). “Diffusion in the lee of a two-dimensional jet.” 9eme Congres Int. de Mecanique Appliquée, Vol. I, 307–312.
Schatzmann, M. (1978). “The integral equations for round buoyant jets in stratified flows.” Z. Angew. Math. Phys., 29, 608–630.
Stolzenbach, K. D., and Harleman, D. R. F. (1971). “An analytical and experimental investigation of surface discharges of heated water.” Technical Rep. No. 135, R. M. Parsons Lab for Water Resources and Hydrodynamics, Massachusetts Institute of Tech., Cambridge, Mass.
Turner, J. S. (1973). Buoyancy effects in fluids, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
Wiuff, R. (1978). “Experiments on surface buoyant jet.” J. Hydr. Div., 104(5), 667–679.
Wolanski, E. J., and Koh, R. C. Y. (1973). “Preliminary report on secondary circulation in surface buoyant jets.” Technical Memo No. 73-10, W.M. Keck Laboratory of Hydraulics and Water Resources, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, Calif.
Wright, S. J. (1977). “Mean behavior of buoyant jets in a crossflow.” J. Hydr. Div., 103(5), 499–513.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Hydraulic Engineering
Volume 133 • Issue 9 • September 2007
Pages: 1021 - 1036
Copyright
© 2007 ASCE.
History
Received: May 31, 2005
Accepted: Feb 20, 2007
Published online: Sep 1, 2007
Published in print: Sep 2007
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.