Influence of Stratification and Shoreline Erosion on Reservoir Sedimentation Patterns
Publication: Journal of Hydraulic Engineering
Volume 133, Issue 3
Abstract
Sedimentation in the main pool of a deep (maximum depth: ), hydropower reservoir was modeled using a three-dimensional numerical model of hydrodynamics and sedimentation for different wind, inflow, and outflow conditions. Short-term velocity measurements made in the reservoir were used to validate some aspects of the hydrodynamic model. The effects of thermal stratification on sedimentation patterns were investigated, since the reservoir is periodically strongly stratified. Stratification alters velocity profiles and thus affects sedimentation in the reservoir. Sedimentation of reservoirs is often modeled considering only the deposition of sediments delivered by tributaries. However, the sediments eroding from the shorelines can contribute significantly to sedimentation if the shorelines of the reservoir erode at sufficiently high rates or if sediment delivery via tributary inflow is small. Thus, shoreline erosion rates for a reservoir were quantified based on measured fetch, parameterized beach profile shape, and measured wind vectors, and the eroded sediments treated as a source within the sedimentation modeling scheme. The methodology for the prediction of shoreline erosion was calibrated and validated using digital aerial photos of the reservoir taken in different years and indicated approximately of shoreline retreat for several locations. This study revealed likely zones of sediment deposition in a thermally stratified reservoir and presented a methodology for integration of shoreline erosion into sedimentation studies that can be used in any reservoir.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Acknowledgments
This work was supported by the South Carolina Water Resources Center (SCWRC), the Georgia Water Research Institute (GWRI), and the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS).
References
Ariathurai, R., and Krone, R. B. (1976). “Finite element model for cohesive sediment transport.” J. Hydr. Div., 102(3), 323–338.
Battjes, J. A. (1974). “Computation of setup, longshore currents, runup, and overtopping due to wind generated waves.” Rep. No. 74-2, Civil Engineering Dept., Delft Univ. of Techology, Dalft, The Netherlands.
Blumberg, A. F., and Mellor, G. L. (1987). “A description of a three-dimensional coastal ocean circulation model.” Three-dimensional coastal ocean models, N. S. Heaps, ed., American Geophysical Union, Washington, D.C., 1–16.
Blumberg, A. F., Khan, L. A., and St. John, J. P. (1999). “Three-dimensional hydrodynamic model of New York Harbor Region.” J. Hydraul. Eng., 125(8), 799–815.
Clearwater. (1997). “PCB contamination of the Hudson.” http://www.clearwater.org/news/hazard.html (April 7, 1997).
Dean, R. G., and Dalrymple, R. A. (2001). Water wave mechanics for engineers and scientists. World Scientific, Singapore.
Elçi, S. (2004). “Modeling of hydrodynamic circulation and cohesive sediment transport and prediction of shoreline erosion in Hartwell Lake, SC/GA.” Ph.D. thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology.
Falconer, R. A., George, D. G., and Hall, P. (1991). “Three-dimensional numerical modeling of wind driven circulation in a shallow homogeneous lake.” J. Hydrol., 124(1), 59–79.
Fischer, H. B., List, E. G., Koh, R. C.Y., Imberger, J., and Brooks, N. H. (1979). Mixing in inland and coastal waters, Academic, New York.
Hamrick, J. M. (1996). “User’s manual for the environmental fluid dynamics computer code.” Special Rep. No. 331, The College of William and Mary, Gloucester Point, Va.
Hunt, I. A. (1959). “Design of seawalls and breakwaters.” Control Eng. Pract., 85(3), 123–152.
Imberger, J. (1998). Physical processes in lakes and oceans, AGU Coastal and Estuarine Studies, Vol. 54, AGU, Code CE0542685.
Ji, Z.-G., Morton, M. R., and Hamrick, J. M. (2000). “Modeling hydrodynamic and sediment processes in Morro Bay.” Estuarine and Coastal Modeling: Proc., 6th Int. Conf., M. L. Spaulding and H. L. Butler, eds., ASCE, New York, 1035–1054.
Ji, Z.-G., Morton, M. R., and Hamrick, J. M. (2001). “Wetting and drying simulation of estuarine processes.” Estuarine Coastal Shelf Sci., 53, 683–700.
Jin, K.-R., Hamrick, J. H., and Tisdale, T. (2000). “Application of a three-dimensional hydrodynamic model for Lake Okeechobee.” J. Hydraul. Eng., 126(10), 758–771.
Jin, K. R., and Ji, Z.-G. (2001). “Calibration and verification of a spectral wind-wave model for Lake Okeechobee.” Ocean Eng., 28(5), 571–584.
Jin, K. R., Ji, Z.-G., and Hamrick, J. M. (2002). “Modeling winter circulation in Lake Okeechobee, Florida.” J. Waterway, Port, Coastal, Ocean Eng., 128(3), 114–125.
Kamphuis, J. W., Davies, M. H., Nairn, R. B., and Sayao, O. J. (1986). “Calculation of littoral sand transport rate.” Coastal Eng. 10(1), 1–21.
Kamphuis, J. W., and Readshaw, J. S. (1979). “Model study of alongshore sediment transport rate.” Proc., 16th Coastal Eng. Conf., Vol. 2, 1656–1674.
Kim, S. C., Wright, L. D., and Kim, B. O. (1997). “The combined effects of synoptic-scale and local-scale meteorological events on bed stress and sediment transport on the inner shelf of the Middle Atlantic Bight.” Cont. Shelf Res., 17(4), 407–433.
MacIntyre, S., Flynn, K. M., Jellison, R., and Romero, J. R. (1999). “Boundary mixing and nutrient fluxes in Mono Lake, California.” Soc. Pet. Eng. J., 44(3), 512–529.
Mehta, A. J., et al. (1989). “Cohesive sediment transport. Part 1: Process description. Part 2: Application.” J. Hydraul. Eng., 115(8), ASCE, 1076–1112.
Nairn, R. B., Pinchin, B. M., and Philpott, K. L. (1986). “A cohesive coast development model.” Proc., Symp. on Cohesive Shores, National Research Council Canada, Associate Committee on Shorelines, 246–261.
Newe, J., Peters, K., and Dette, H. H. (1999). “Profile development under storm conditions as a function of beach slope.” Proc., 4th Int. Symp. On Coastal Eng., ASCE, Reston, Va., 2582–2596.
Penner, L. A. (1993). “Shore erosion and slumping on Western Canadian lakes and reservoirs—A methodology for estimating future bank erosion rates.” Environment Canada, Regina, Sask.
Rueda, F. J., and Schladow, S. G. (2003). “Dynamics of a large polymictic lake. II: Numerical simulations.” J. Hydraul. Eng., 129(2), 92–101.
Shen, J., Boon, J. D., and Kuo, A. Y. (1999). “A modeling study of a tidal intrusion front and its impact on larval dispersion in the James River estuary, Virginia.” Estuaries, 22(3a), 681–692.
Shen, J., and Kuo, A. Y. (1999). “Numerical investigation of an estuarine front and its associated eddy.” J. Waterway, Port, Coastal, Ocean Eng., 125(3), 127–135.
Tetra Tech (1999). “Theoretical and computational aspects of sediment transport in the EFDC model.” Technical Rep. Prepared for U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Tetra Tech, Inc., Fairfax, Va.
Thorn, M. F.C., and Parsons, J. G. (1980). “Erosion of cohesive sediments in estuaries: An engineering guide.” Proc., Int. Symp. on Dredging Technol., 349–358.
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE). (1998). Coastal engineering manual, part III, Dept. of the Army, Washington, D.C.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). (1991). “Sangamo-Weston Inc./Twelve-Mile Creek/Lake Hartwell PCB contamination.” http://www.epa.gov/oerrpage/superfund/sites/npl/nar486.htm .
Whitehouse, R., Soulsby, R., Roberts, W., and Mitchener, H. (2000). Dynamics of estuarine muds, Thomas Telford, London.
Yang, Z., Khangaonkar, T., DeGasperi, C., and Marshall, K. (2000). “Three-dimensional modeling of temperature stratification and density-driven circulation in Lake Billy Chinook, Oregon.” Proc., 6th Int. Conf. Estuarine and Coastal Modeling, ASCE, Reston, Va., 411–425.
Ziegler, C. K., and Nisbet, B. (1994). “Fine-grained sediment transport in Pawtuxet River, Rhode Island.” J. Hydraul. Eng., 120 (5), 561–576.
Ziegler, C. K., and Nisbet, B. (1995). “Long-term simulation of fine-grained sediment transport in large reservoir.” J. Hydraul. Eng., 121 (11), 773–781.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Hydraulic Engineering
Volume 133 • Issue 3 • March 2007
Pages: 255 - 266
Copyright
© 2007 ASCE.
History
Received: Jul 28, 2005
Accepted: Jun 8, 2006
Published online: Mar 1, 2007
Published in print: Mar 2007
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.