Mean Flow and Turbulence Structure in Vertical Slot Fishways
Publication: Journal of Hydraulic Engineering
Volume 132, Issue 8
Abstract
This paper presents the results of an experimental study on the mean and turbulence structures of flow in a vertical slot fishway with slopes of 5.06 and 10.52%. Two flow patterns existed in the fishway and for each one, two flow regions were formed in the pools: a jet flow region and a recirculating flow region. The mean kinetic energy decays rapidly in the jet region and the dissipation rate in most of the areas in the pool is less than . For the jet flow, the nondimensional mean velocity profile across the jet agrees very well with that of a plane turbulent jet in the central part of the jet with some scatter near its boundaries. Its maximum velocity decays faster compared to a plane turbulent jet in a large stagnant ambient. The jet presents different turbulence structure for the two flow patterns and for each pattern, the turbulence characteristics appear different between the left and right halves of the jet. However, the turbulence characteristics show some similarity for each case. The normalized energy dissipation rate shows some similarity and has a maximum value on the center of the jet. The results are believed to provide useful insight on the turbulence characteristics of flow in vertical slot fishways and can be used to verify numerical models and also for guidance in the design of fishways in the future.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Acknowledgments
The experiments in this study were conducted at the University of Alberta at Edmonton, Canada. The writers are grateful to Sheldon Lovell and Perry Fedun for building the experimental arrangement. They also appreciate the useful comments from the reviewers.
References
Bell, M. C. (1973). Fisheries handbook of engineering requirements and biological criteria, U. S. Army Corps of Engineers, North Pacific Division, Portland, Ore.
Bradbury, L. J. S. (1965). “The structure of a self-preserving turbulent plane jet.” J. Fluid Mech., 23(1), 31–64.
Clay, C. H. (1995). Design of fishways and other fish facilities, Dept. of Fisheries of Canada, Ottawa.
Ead, S. A., and Rajaratnam, N. (2001). “Plane turbulent surface jets in shallow tailwater.” J. Fluids Eng., 123(1), 121–127.
Goring, D. G., and Nikora, V. I. (2002). “Despiking acoustic Doppler velocimeter data.” J. Hydraul. Eng., 128(1), 117–126.
Gutmark, E., and Wygnanski, I. (1976). “The planar turbulent jet.” J. Fluid Mech., 73(3), 465–495.
Heskestad, G. (1965). “Hot-wire measurements in a plane turbulent jet.” J. Appl. Mech., 32, 721–734.
Hinze, J. O. (1975). Turbulence, McGraw-Hill, New York.
Katopodis, C. (1990). “Introduction to fishway design.” Rep., Dept. of Fisheries and Oceans, Freshwater Institute, Central and Arctic Region, Canada.
Kraus, N. C., Lohrmann, R. A., and Cabrera, R. (1994). “New acoustic meter for measuring 3D laboratory flows.” J. Hydraul. Eng., 120(3), 406–412.
Liu, M. (2004). “Turbulence structure in hydraulic jumps and vertical slot fishways.” Ph.D. thesis, Univ. of Alberta, Alberta, Canada.
Liu, M., Rajaratnam, N., and Zhu, D. Z. (2004). “Turbulence structure of hydraulic jumps of low Froude numbers.” J. Hydraul. Eng., 130(6), 511–520.
Liu, M., Zhu, D. Z., and Rajaratnam, N. (2002). “Evaluation of ADV measurements in bubbly two-phase flows.” Proc., Conf. of Hydraulic Measurements & Experimental Methods 2002, (CD-ROM) ASCE, Estes Park, Colo.
Lohrmann, R. A., Cabrera, R., and Kraus, N. C. (1994). “Acoustic-Doppler velocimeter (ADV) for laboratory use.” Proc., Symp. on Fundamentals and Advancements in Hydraulic Measurements and Experimentation, C. A. Pugh, ed., ASCE, 351–365.
Monin, A. S., and Yaglom, A. M. (1971). Statistical fluid mechanics: Mechanics of turbulence, Vol. 2, MIT Press, Cambridge, Mass.
Papanicolaou, A. N., and Maxwell, A. R. (2000). “Hydraulic performance of fish bypass-pools for irrigation diversion channels.” J. Irrig. Drain. Eng., 126(5), 314–321.
Papanicolaou, A. N., and Talebbeydokhti, N. (2002). “Discussion of ‘turbulent open-channel flow in circular corrugated culverts’ by S. A. Ead, N. Rajaratnam, C. Katopodis, and F. Ade.” J. Hydraul. Eng., 128(5), 547–548.
Puertas, J., Pena, L., and Teijeiro, T. (2004). “Experimental approach to the hydraulics of vertical slot fishways.” J. Hydraul. Eng., 130(1), 10–23.
Rajaratnam, N. (1976). Turbulent jets, Elsevier Scientific, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Rajaratnam, N., Katopodis, C., and Solanki, S. (1992). “New designs for vertical slot fishways.” Can. J. Civ. Eng., 19(3), 402–414.
Rajaratnam, N., Van der Vinne, G., and Katopodis, C. (1986). “Hydraulics of vertical slot fishways.” J. Hydraul. Eng., 112(10), 909–927.
Ramaprian, B. R., and Chandrasekhara, M. S. (1985). “LDA measurements in plane turbulent jets.” J. Fluids Eng., 107, 264–271.
Rousseeuw, P. J. (1990). “Robust estimation and identifying outliers.” Handbook of statistical methods for engineers and scientists, H. M. Wadsworth, Jr., ed., McGraw-Hill, New York, 16.1–16.24.
SonTek (1997). Acoustic doppler velocimeter technical documentation, Version 4.0, San Diego.
Taylor, G. I. (1935). “Statistical theory of turbulence.” Proc. R. Soc. London, Ser. A, 151(873), 421–478.
Voulgaris, G., and Trowbridge, J. H. (1998). “Evaluation of the acoustic Doppler velocimeter (ADV) for turbulence measurements.” J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol., 15(1), 272–289.
Wahl, T. L. (2003). “Discussion of ‘Despiking acoustic Doppler velocimeter data’ by Derek G. Goring and Vladimir I. Nikora.” J. Hydraul. Eng., 129(6), 484–487.
Wu, S., Rajaratnam, N., and Katopodis, C. (1999). “Structure of flow in vertical slot fishway.” J. Hydraul. Eng., 125(4), 351–360.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Hydraulic Engineering
Volume 132 • Issue 8 • August 2006
Pages: 765 - 777
Copyright
© 2006 ASCE.
History
Received: Jul 30, 2004
Accepted: Jul 29, 2005
Published online: Aug 1, 2006
Published in print: Aug 2006
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.