Explicit Integration Method for Extended-Period Simulation of Water Distribution Systems
Publication: Journal of Hydraulic Engineering
Volume 132, Issue 4
Abstract
Extended-period simulation of incompressible and inertialess flow in water distribution systems is normally done using numerical integration techniques, although regression methods are also sometimes employed. A new method for extended-period simulation, called the explicit integration (EI) method, is proposed. The method is based on the premise that a complex water distribution system can be represented by a number of simple base systems. The simple base systems are selected in such a way that their dynamic equations can be solved through explicit integration. In this paper a simple base system consisting of a fixed-head reservoir feeding a tank through a single pipeline is analyzed. It is then illustrated how a complex water distribution system can be decoupled into simple base systems and its dynamic behavior simulated using a stepwise procedure. The EI method is compared to the commonly used Euler numerical integration method using two example networks. It is shown that the accuracy of the EI method is considerably better than that of the Euler method for the same computational effort.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Acknowledgment
The writers would like to acknowledge the Commonwealth Scholarship Commission in the United Kingdom for financial support of the research.
References
Bhave, P. R. (1988). “Extended period simulation of water systems—direct solution.” J. Environ. Eng., 114(5), 1146–1159.
Brater, E. F., and King, H. W. (1976). Handbook of hydraulics for the solution of hydraulic engineering problems, 6th Ed., McGraw-Hill, New York.
Brdys, M., and Ulanicki, B. (1994). Operational control of water systems: Structures, algorithms and applications, Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, N.J.
Coulbeck, B. (1980). “Dynamic simulation of water distribution systems.” Math. Comput., 22(3), 222–230.
Filion, Y. R., and Karney, B. W. (2000). “Conducting extended period analysis with a transient model.” Proc., 8th Int. Conf. on Pressure Surges, BHR, Cranfield, U.K., 571–585.
Filion, Y. R., and Karney, B. W. (2003). “Sources of error in network modeling: A question of perspective.” J. Am. Water Works Assoc., 95(2), 119–130.
Germanopoulos, G. (1985). “A technical note on the inclusion of pressure dependent demand and leakage terms in water supply network models.” Civ. Eng. Syst., 2(3), 171–179.
Kreyszig, E. (1999). Advanced engineering mathematics, Wiley, New York.
McKenna, S. A., Peyton, C., Yarrington, L., Buchberger, S. G., and Bilisoly, R. (2004). “Modeling solute transport in distribution networks with variable demand and time step sizes.” Proc., 3rd Annual Environmental and Water Resources Systems Analysis Symp., ASCE, Reston, Va., 1–10.
Rao, H. S., and Bree, D. W., Jr. (1977). “Extended period simulation of water systems—Part A.” J. Hydraul. Div., Am. Soc. Civ. Eng., 103(2), 97–108.
Reddy, L., and Elango, K. (1989). “Analysis of water distribution networks with head-dependent outlets.” Civ. Eng. Syst., 6(3), 102–110.
Rossman, L. (1993). “EPANET users manual.” Rep. No. EPA-600/R-94/057, Environmental Protection Agency, Risk Reduction Engineering Laboratory, Cincinnati.
Shamir, U., and Howard, C. (1968). “Water distribution systems analysis.” J. Hydraul. Div., Am. Soc. Civ. Eng., 94, 219–234.
Ulanicka, K., Ulanicki, B., Rance, J. P., and Coulbeck, B. (1998). “Benchmarks for water networks modelling.” Proc. Hydroinformatics ’98, International Association for Hydraulic Research, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, 1469–1476.
Van Zyl, J. E. (2001). “A methodology for improved operational optimization of water distribution systems.” PhD thesis, Univ. of Exeter, U.K.
Van Zyl, J. E., Savic, D. A., and Walters, G. A. (2004). “Operational optimization of water distribution systems using a hybrid genetic algorithm.” J. Water Resour. Plan. Manage., 130(2), 160–170.
Van Zyl, J. E., Savic, D. A., and Walters, G. A. (2005). “Extended-period modeling of water pipe networks—A new approach.” J. Hydraul. Res., in press.
Walski, T. M., Chase, D. V., and Savic, D. A. (2001). Water distribution modeling, Haestad, Waterbury, Conn.
Water Research Centre. (1994). Analysis, simulation and costing of water networks and a guide to the WATNET5.4 Computer Program, Swindon, U.K.
Wood, D. (1980). “Computer analysis of flow in pipe networks including extended period simulations.” User’s manual, Univ. of Kentucky, Lexington, Ky.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Hydraulic Engineering
Volume 132 • Issue 4 • April 2006
Pages: 385 - 392
Copyright
© 2006 ASCE.
History
Received: Jul 10, 2003
Accepted: Feb 15, 2005
Published online: Apr 1, 2006
Published in print: Apr 2006
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.