Dynamics of Large Polymictic Lake. II: Numerical Simulations
This article is a reply.
VIEW THE ORIGINAL ARTICLEPublication: Journal of Hydraulic Engineering
Volume 129, Issue 2
Abstract
The internal dynamics of Clear Lake, California-a large, multibasin and polymictic lake-are examined using simulations conducted with a three-dimensional (3D) hydrodynamic model. The model is based on an accurate and efficient semi-implicit finite difference algorithm for the hydrodynamic equations, that has been previously subject to extensive verification with analytical test cases. The high level of agreement-without extensive calibration-between the model results and the observations at several locations in the lake is comparable with previously published 3D modeling results. The model results confirm the baroclinic-pumping model of circulation proposed for the Oaks Arm of Clear Lake in Part I. The simulations show that the interaction of stratification, periodic wind forcing, and Coriolis effects drive this circulation. The diurnal readjustment of the circulation from being wind driven to baroclinically driven is examined and shown to vary spatially. This transition in circulation-type has a wavelike nature, with a distinct frontal structure and converging currents at the surface. Asymmetries in the forcing and response, combined with rotational effects, impart a cyclonic residual circulation on the flow.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
Anderson, N. (2000). “Secchi depth data in Clear Lake: Monthly records from 1989 to 2000.” Lake County Vector Control District, Lakeport, Calif.
Blumberg, A. F. (1986). “Turbulent mixing processes in lakes, reservoirs and impoundments.” Physics-based modelling of lakes, reservoirs and impoundments, W. G. Gray, ed., ASCE. New York, 79–104.
Blumberg, A. F., and Mellor, G. L. (1987). “A description of a three-dimensional coastal ocean circulation model.” Three-dimensional coastal ocean models, S. Heaps, ed., American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC., 1–16.
Casulli, V., and Cheng, R. T.(1992). “Semi-implicit finite difference methods for three-dimensional shallow water flow.” Int. J. Numer. Methods Fluids, 15, 629–648.
Cheng, R. T., Powell, T. M., and Dillon, T. M.(1976). “Numerical models of wind-driven circulation in lakes.” Appl. Math. Model., 1, 141–159.
Dee, D. P. (1995). Quantitative skill assessment for coastal ocean models, D. R. Lynch and A. M. Davies, eds., American Geophysical Union, Washington, D.C., 1–13.
Dronkers, J., and Zimmerman, J. T. F.(1982). “Some principles of mixing in tidal lagoons.” Oceanologica Acta, 4, 107–118.
Durran, D. R. (1999). Numerical methods for wave equations in geophysical fluid dynamics, Springer, New York.
Fletcher, C. A. J. (1991). Computational techniques for fluid dynamics, Springer, New York.
Galperin, B., Kantha, L. H., Hassid, S., and Rosati, A.(1988). “A quasi-equilibrium turbulent energy model for geophysical flows.” J. Atmos. Sci., 45(1), 55–62.
Gross, E. S. (1997). “Numerical modeling of hydrodynamics and scalar transport in an estuary.” PhD dissertation, Stanford Univ., Stanford, Calif.
Gross, E. S., Koseff, J. R., and Monismith, S. G.(1999). “Three-dimensional salinity simulations of south San Francisco Bay.” J. Hydraul. Eng., 125(11), 1199–1209.
Henderson-Sellers, B. (1984). Engineering limnology, Pitman Advanced Publishing Program, Boston.
Henderson-Sellers, B.(1986). “Calculating the surface energy balance for lake and reservoir modeling: A review.” Rev. Geophys., 24(3), 625–649.
Hodges, B. R., Imberger, J., Saggio, A., and Winters, K. B.(2000). “Modeling basin-scale motions in a stratified lake.” Limnol. Oceanogr., 45(7), 1603–1620.
Jin, K.-R., Hamrick, J. H., and Tisdale, T.(2000). “Application of three-dimensional hydrodynamic model for Lake Okeechobee.” J. Hydraul. Eng., 126(10), 758–771.
Kantha, L. H., and Clayson, C. A.(1994). “An improved mixed layer model for geophysical applications.” J. Geophys. Res. B, 99(C12), 25235–25266.
Kondo, J.(1975). “Air-Sea bulk transfer coefficients in diabatic conditions.” Boundary-Layer Meteorol., 9, 91–112.
Liu, P. C., and Schwab, D. J.(1987). “A comparison of methods for estimating from given and air-sea temperature differences.” J. Geophys. Res. B, 92(C6), 6488–6494.
Nuss, W. A., and Titley, D. W.(1994). “Use of multiquadric interpolation for meteorological objective analysis.” Mon. Weather Rev., 122, 1611–1631.
Preisendorfer, R. W. (1988). Principal components analysis in meteorology and oceanography, Elsevier, New York.
Rueda, F. J. (2001). “A three-dimensional hydrodynamic and transport model for lake environments.” PhD dissertation, Univ. of California, Davis, Calif.
Rueda, F. J., and Schladow, S. G.(2002). “Quantitative comparison of models for barotropic response of homogeneous basins.” J. Hydraul. Eng., 128(2), 201–213.
Rueda, F. J., Schladow, S. G., Monismith, S. G., and Stacey, M. T.(2002). “Dynamics of large polymictic lake. I: Field observations.” J. Hydraul. Eng., 129(2), 82–91.
Smith, P. E. (1997). “A three-dimensional, finite-difference model for estuarine circulation.” PhD dissertation, Univ. of California, Davis, Calif.
Suchanek, T. H., Mullen, L. H., Lamphere, B. H., Richerson, P. J., Woodmansee, C. E., Slotton, D. G., Harner, E. J., and Woodward, L. A.(1998). “Redistribution of mercury from contaminated lake sediments of Clear Lake, California.” Water Air Soil Pollut., 104(1/2), 77–102.
Survey, U.S. Coast Guard (USCG). (1948–1949). “Advance Copy. Hydrographic Survey. Clear Lake, California.” Washington, D.C.
van Leer, B.(1977). “Towards the ultimate conservative difference scheme IV. A new approach to numerical convection.” J. Comput. Phys., 23, 276–299.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Copyright
Copyright © 2003 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: May 14, 2001
Accepted: Mar 25, 2002
Published online: Jan 15, 2003
Published in print: Feb 2003
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.