Hydraulics of Bottom Rack Intake
Publication: Journal of Hydraulic Engineering
Volume 129, Issue 1
Abstract
Bottom racks are a standard hydraulic structure used as intakes in mountainous regions, to divert water to turbines, and to retain sediment and other solid matter larger than rack spacing. These racks are also used for fish ways, and to retain floating matter. The present project was directed to explore the hydraulics of bottom rack intakes, without considering any solids in the fluid. Based on extended laboratory observations, the effect of various parameters were explored, such as the bottom slope, the rack geometry, and the rack porosity. In addition, a novel approach to determine the discharge coefficient of a rack structure was developed. Finally, the intake channel below the bottom rack was investigated and several interesting features were found, including a significant flow instability that may have a strongly adverse effect on the rack performance. Guidelines for successful rack designs are given, and the results of the present study may be readily applied.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
Bianco, G., and Ripellino, P. G.(1994). “Attualità delle opere di presa a traversa derivante e studio con modello idraulico di un tipo di griglia suborizzontale.” Idrotecnica, 21(1), 3–12 (in Italian).
Dagan, G.(1963). “Notes sur le calcul hydraulique des grilles, par-dessous.” La Houille Blanche, 18(1), 59–65 (in French).
Drobir, H.(1981). “Entwurf von Wasserfassungen im Hochgebirge.” Österr. Wasserwirtsch., 33(11/12), 243–253 (in German).
Escande, L. (1955). “Prise d’eau à travers une grille. Nouveau compléments d’hydraulique 2: 59–68.” Publications Scientifiques et Techniques du Ministère de l’Air 302: Paris (in French).
Kuntzmann, J., and Bouvard, M.(1954). “Etude théorique des grilles de prises d’eau du type ‘en-dessous.’ ” La Houille Blanche, 9(9/10), 569–574 (in French).
Mostkow, M. A.(1957). “Sur le calcul des grilles de prise d’eau.” La Houille Blanche, 12(4), 570–580 (in French).
Noseda, G. (1955). “Operation and design of bottom intake racks.” 6th International Association of Hydraulic Research Congress, La Haye, C17, 1–11.
Noseda, G.(1956). “Correnti permanenti con portata progressivamente decrescente, defluenti su griglie di fondo.” L’Energia Elettrica, 33(1), 41–51;
IBID33(6), 565–588(in Italian).
Orth, J., Chardonnet, E., and Meynardi, G.(1954). “Etude de grilles pour prises d’eau du type ‘en-dessous.’ ” La Houille Blanche, 9(6), 343–351 (in French).
Ract-Madoux, X., Bouvard, M., Molbert, J., and Zumstein, J.(1955). “Quelques réalisations récentes de prises en-dessous à haute altitudeen Savoie.” La Houille Blanche, 10(6), 852–878 (in French).
Subramanya, K., and Shukla, S. K.(1988). “Discharge diversion characteristics of trench weirs.” Inst. Eng. India J. CI, 69(11), 163–168.
Venkataraman, P.(1977). “Discharge characteristics of an idealized bot-tom intake.” Inst. Eng. India J. CI, 58(9/11), 99–104.
Venkatamaran, P., Nasser, M. S., and Ramamurthy, A. S. (1979). “Flow behaviour in power channels with bottom diversion.” 18th Int. association of Hydraulic Research Congress, Cagliary, 2, 115–122.
Vischer, D. L., and Hager, W. H. (1998). Dam hydraulics, Wiley, Chichester.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Hydraulic Engineering
Volume 129 • Issue 1 • January 2003
Pages: 2 - 10
Copyright
Copyright © 2003 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Aug 23, 2001
Accepted: Aug 27, 2002
Published online: Dec 13, 2002
Published in print: Jan 2003
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.