Pier and Abutment Scour: Integrated Approach
This article has a reply.
VIEW THE REPLYPublication: Journal of Hydraulic Engineering
Volume 123, Issue 2
Abstract
This paper summarizes many of the results from an extensive program of bridge scour research undertaken at The University of Auckland, New Zealand. An integrated approach to the estimation of local scour depth at bridge piers and abutments, collectively termed bridge foundations, is presented. The design method is based on empirical relations, termed K-factors, that account for the effects on scour depth of flow depth and foundation size, flow intensity, sediment characteristics, foundation type, shape and alignment, and approach channel geometry. The K-factors are evaluated by fitting envelope curves to existing data for piers and abutments and a new extensive data set for abutments. The new data are discussed and presented. Application of the design method is illustrated in examples.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
1.
Ahmad, M. (1953). “Experiments on design and behaviour of spur dikes.”Proc., Int. Hydr. Convention, Univ. of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minn., 145–159.
2.
Baker, R. E. (1986). “Local scour at bridge piers in non-uniform sediment.”Rep. No. 402, School of Engrg., The Univ. of Auckland, New Zealand.
3.
Basak, V. (1975). “Scour at square piles.”Rep. No. 583, Devlet Su isteri genel mudurlugu, Ankara, Turkey.
4.
Bonasoundas, M. (1973). “Strömungsvorgang und kolkproblem.”Rep. No. 28, Oskar v. Miller Institu, Tech. Univ., Munich, Germany (in German).
5.
Breusers, H. N. C., Nicollet, G., and Shen, H. W.(1977). “Local scour around cylindrical piers.”J. Hydr. Res., 15(3), 211–252.
6.
Chabert, J., and Engeldinger, P. (1956). “Etude des affouillements autour des piles des ponts.” Laboratoire d'Hydraulique, Chatou, France (in French).
7.
Chee, R. K. W. (1982). “Live-bed scour at bridge piers.”Rep. No. 290, School of Engrg., The Univ. of Auckland, New Zealand.
8.
Chiew, Y. M. (1984). “Local scour at bridge piers.”Rep. No. 355, School of Engrg., The Univ. of Auckland, New Zealand.
9.
Chin, C. O. (1985). “Stream bed armouring.”Rep. No. 403, School of Engrg., The Univ. of Auckland, New Zealand.
10.
Dongol, D. M. S. (1994). “Local scour at bridge abutments.”Rep. No. 544, School of Engrg., The Univ. of Auckland, New Zealand.
11.
Ettema, R. E. (1980). “Scour at bridge piers.”Rep. No. 236, School of Engrg., The Univ. of Auckland, New Zealand.
12.
Garde, R. J., Subramanka, K., and Nambudripad, K. D.(1961). “Study of scour around spur-dikes.”J. Hydr. Div., ASCE, 87(6), 23–37.
13.
Gill, M. A.(1972). “Erosion of sand beds around spur dikes.”J. Hydr. Div., ASCE, 98(9), 1587–1602.
14.
Haneu, S. (1971). “Sur le calcul des affouillements locaux dams la zone des piles des ponts.”Proc., 14th IAHR Congr., Int. Assn. for Hydr. Res. (IAHR), Paris, France, Vol. 3, 299–313.
15.
Hannah, C. R. (1978). “Scour at pile groups.”Res. Rep. No. 28-3, Civ. Engrg. Dept., Univ. of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand.
16.
Hjorth, P. (1972). “Lokal erosion och erosionsverken vid arloppsledning i kustnära omräden.”Bull. Ser. B, No. 21, Inst. for Vattenbyggnad, Tekniska Högskolan i Lund, Sweden.
17.
Jain, S. C., and Fischer, E. E. (1979). “Scour around bridge piers at high Froude numbers.”Rep. No. FH-WA-RD-79-104, Fed. Hwy. Admin., Washington, D.C.
18.
Kandasamy, J. K. (1985). “Local scour at skewed abutments.”Rep. No. 375, School of Engrg., The Univ. of Auckland, New Zealand.
19.
Kandasamy, J. K. (1989). “Aubtment scour.”Rep. No. 458, School of Engrg., The Univ. of Auckland, New Zealand.
20.
Kwan, T. F. (1984). “Study of abutment scour.”Rep. No. 328, School of Engrg., The Univ. of Auckland, New Zealand.
21.
Kwan, T. F. (1988). “A study of abutment scour.”Rep. No. 451, School of Engrg., The Univ. of Auckland, New Zealand.
22.
Kwan, T. F., and Melville, B. W.(1994). “Local scour and flow measurements at bridge piers.”J. Hydr. Res., 32(5), 661–674.
23.
Larras, J.(1963). “Profondeurs maximales d'erosion des fonds mobiles autour des piles en riviere.”Ann. Ponts et Chaussees, Paris, France, 133(4), 411–424.
24.
Laursen, E. M. (1958). “Scour at bridge crossings.”Bull. No. 8, Iowa Hwy. Res. Board, Ames, Iowa.
25.
Laursen, E. M. (1962). “Scour at bridge crossings.”Trans. ASCE, 127(Part 1), 116–179.
26.
Laursen, E. M.(1963). “Analysis of relief bridge scour.”J. Hydr. Div., ASCE, 89(3), 93–118.
27.
Laursen, E. M., and Toch, A. (1956). “Scour around bridge piers and abutments.”Bull. No. 4, Iowa Hwy. Res. Board, Ames, Iowa.
28.
Lemos, F. O. (1975). “General report.”Proc., 16th Congr., Int. Assn. for Hydr. Res. (IAHR), Sao Paulo, Brazil.
29.
Maza Alvarez, J. A. (1968). “Socovacion en cauces naturales.”Rep. No. 114, A. J. Miguel-Rodriguez, translator, School of Engrg., Univ. of Auckland, New Zealand.
30.
Melville, B. W. (1975). “Local scour at bridge sites.”Rep. No. 117, School of Engrg., The Univ. of Auckland, New Zealand.
31.
Melville, B. W.(1992). “Local scour at bridge abutments.”J. Hydr. Engrg., ASCE, 118(4), 615–630.
32.
Melville, B. W.(1995). “Bridge abutment scour in compound channels.”J. Hydr. Engrg., ASCE, 121(12), 863–868.
33.
Melville, B. W., and Ettema, R. (1993). “Bridge abutment scour in compound channels.”Proc., Hydr. Engrg. '93, ASCE, New York, N.Y., 767–772.
34.
Melville, B. W., and Dongol, D. M. S.(1992). “Bridge scour with debris accumulation.”J. Hydr. Engrg., ASCE, 118(9), 1306–1310.
35.
Melville, B. W., and Raudkivi, A. J.(1977). “Flow characteristics in local scour at bridge piers.”J. Hydr. Res., 15, 373–380.
36.
Melville, B. W., and Raudkivi, A. J.(1994). “Effects of foundation geometry on bridge pier scour.”J. Hydr. Engrg., ASCE, 122(4), 203–209.
37.
Melville, B. W., and Sutherland, A. J.(1988). “Design method for local scour at bridge piers.”J. Hydr. Engrg., ASCE, 114(10), 1210–1226.
38.
Parola, A. C., Fenske, T. C., and Hagerty, D. J. (1994). “Damage to highway infrastructure 1993 Mississippi River basin flooding.”Proc., Hydr. Engrg., '94, ASCE, New York, N.Y., 26–30.
39.
Raudkivi, A. J.(1986). “Functional trends of scour at bridge piers.”J. Hydr. Engrg., ASCE, 112(1), 1–13.
40.
Raudkivi, A. J., and Ettema, R.(1977). “Effect of sediment gradation on clear-water scour.”J. Hydr. Div., ASCE, 103(10), 1209–1212.
41.
Raudkivi, A. J., and Sutherland, A. J. (1981). “Scour at bridge crossings.”Rep. No. 51, Rd. Res. Unit, Nat. Roads Board, Wellington, New Zealand.
42.
Richardson, E. V., Harrison, L. J., Richardson, J. R., and Davis, S. R. (1993). “Evaluating scour at bridges.”Hydr. Engrg. Circular No. 18 (HEC-18), Fed. Hwy. Admin., U.S. Dept. of Transp., Washington, D.C.
43.
Sastry, C. L. N. (1962). “Effect of spur-dike inclination on scour characteristics,” ME thesis, Univ. of Roorkee, India.
44.
Shen, H. W., Schneider, V. R., and Karaki, S. S. (1966). “Mechanics of local scour.”Rep., U.S. Dept. of Commerce, Nat. Bureau of Standards, Inst. for Appl. Technol., Washington, D.C.
45.
Sturm, T. W., and Janjua, N. S.(1994). “Clear-water scour around abutments in floodplains.”J. Hydr. Engrg., ASCE, 120(8), 956–972.
46.
Zaghloul, N. A. (1983). “Local scour around spur dikes.”J. Hydro., Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 123–140.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Hydraulic Engineering
Volume 123 • Issue 2 • February 1997
Pages: 125 - 136
Copyright
Copyright © 1997 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Published online: Feb 1, 1997
Published in print: Feb 1997
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.