TECHNICAL PAPERS
Jul 1, 1994

Distribution of Shear Force on Boundary of Smooth Rectangular Duct

Publication: Journal of Hydraulic Engineering
Volume 120, Issue 7

Abstract

Results of laboratory experiments on wide smooth rectangular ducts are reported in terms of the relationship between duct aspect ratio b/h and the shear force on the walls expressed as a proportion of the total boundary shear force, %SFw. This data set, in the range 0.02b/h50, overlaps and extends the 1985 work of Knight and Patel, for which 0.1b/h10. A new form of empirical model is proposed for the %SFwb/h relationship. When compared with the %SFw predicted by assuming the shear force on an element of the boundary to be simply proportional to its length, the model result is seen to deviate from it, with definite maximum and minimum deviations.

Get full access to this article

View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.

References

1.
Alhamid, A. A. I. (1991). “Boundary shear stress and velocity distributions in differentially roughened trapezoidal open channels,” PhD thesis, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, England.
2.
Blumberg, A. F., Galperin, B., and O'Connor, D. J. (1992). “Modeling vertical structure of open‐channel flows.” J. Hydr. Engrg., ASCE, 118(8), 1119–1134.
3.
Brundrett, E., and Baines, W. D. (1964). “The production and diffusion of vorticity in duct flow.” J. Fluid Mech., 19, 375–394.
4.
Dean, R. B. (1974). “An investigation of shear layer interaction in ducts and dif‐fusers,” PhD thesis, Imperial College, University of London, London, England.
5.
Einstein, H. A., and Li, H. (1958). “Secondary currents in straight channels.” Am. Geophysical Union, 39(6), 1085–1088.
6.
Flintham, T. P. (1988). “Flow resistance in moorland and forestry drains: narrow channels having composite roughness,” PhD thesis, University of Leicester, United Kingdom.
7.
Flintham, T. P., and Carling, P. A. (1988). “The prediction of mean bed and wall boundary shear in uniform and compositely rough channels.” Int. Conf. River Regime, W. R. White, ed., Hydraulics Research Ltd., England, 267–287.
8.
Gill, P. E., and Murray, W. (1978). “Algorithms for the solution of the nonlinear least‐squares problem.” SIAM J. Numer. Anal., 15, 977–992.
9.
Knight, D. W. (1981). “Boundary shear in smooth and rough channels.” J. Hydr. Div., ASCE, 107(7), 839–851.
10.
Knight, D. W., Patel, H. S., Demetriou, J. D., and Hamed, M. E. (1982). “Boundary shear stress distributions in open channel and closed duct flows.” Proc., Euromech 156—Mech. of Sediment Transp., B. Mutlu Sumer and A. Muller, eds., A. A. Balkema, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, 33–40.
11.
Knight, D. W., Demetriou, J. D., and Hamed, M. E. (1984). “Boundary shear in smooth rectangular channels.” J. Hydr. Engrg., ASCE, 110(4), 405–422.
12.
Knight, D. W., and Patel, H. S. (1985a). “Boundary shear in smooth rectangular ducts.” J. Hydr. Div., ASCE, 111(1), 29–47.
13.
Knight, D. W., and Patel, H. S. (1985b). “Boundary shear stress distributions in rectangular duct flow.” Proc., 2nd Int. Symp. on Refined Flow Modelling and Turbulence Measurements, Hemisphere, Washington, D.C., I22.1–I22.10.
14.
Knight, D. W., Alhamid, A. A. I., and Yuen, K. W. H. (1992). “Boundary shear in differentially roughened trapezoidal channels.” Proc., 2nd Int. Conf. on Hydr. and Envir. Modelling of Coast., Estuarine and River Waters, Vol. 2, R. A. Falconer, K. Shiono, and R. G. S. Matthew, eds., Ashgate, England, 3–14.
15.
Knight, D. W., Yuen, K. W. H., and Alhamid, A. A. I. (1994). “Chapter 4: boundary shear stress distributions in open channel flow.” Physical mechanisms of mixing and transport in the Environment, K. Beven, P. Chatwin, and J. Millbank, eds., Wiley, New York, N.Y., 52–80.
16.
Liggett, J. A., Chiu, C. L., and Miao, L. S. (1965). J. Hydr. Div., ASCE, 91(6), 99–117.
17.
“Measurement of fluid flow in closed conduits.” BS1042: Section 1.1:1981. (1981). British Standards Institution (BSI), London, England.
18.
Melling, A., and Whitelaw, J. H. (1976). “Turbulent flow in a rectangular duct.” J. Fluid Mech., 78(2), 289–315.
19.
The NAG Fortran Library Manual—Mark 14. (Vol. 3). (1990). 1st ed., Numerical Algorithms Group (NAG) Ltd., United Kingdom.
20.
Nezu, I., Nakagawa, H., and Tominaga, A. (1983). “Secondary currents in a straight channel flow and the relation to its aspect ratio.” 4th Int. Symp. on Turbulent Shear Flows, Springer‐Verlag, New York, N.Y.
21.
Naot, D., and Rodi, W. (1982). “Calculation of secondary currents in channel flow.” J. Hydr. Div., ASCE, 108(8), 948–968.
22.
Nezu, I., Nakagawa, H., and Rodi, W. (1989). “Significant difference between secondary currents in closed channels and narrow open channels.” Proc., 23rd IAHR Congress, IAHR, National Research Council, Ottawa, Canada, A125–A132.
23.
Noutsopoulos, G. C, and Hadjipanos, P. A. (1982). “Discussion of ‘Boundary shear in smooth and rough channels’ by D. W. Knight.” J. Hydr. Div., ASCE, 108(6), 809–812.
24.
Patel, V. C. (1965). “Calibration of the Preston tube and limitations on its use in pressure gradients.” J. Fluid Mech., 23, 185–208.
25.
Perkins, H. J. (1970). “The formation of streamwise vorticity in turbulent flow.” J. Fluid Mech., 44(4), 721–740.
26.
Pizzuto, J. E. (1991). “A numerical model for calculating the distributions of velocity and boundary shear stress across irregular straight open channels.” Water Resour. Res., 27(9), 2457–2466.
27.
Rhodes, D. G., Lamb, E. J., Chance, R. J., and Jones, B. S. (1991). “Automatic measurement of boundary shear stress and velocity distributions in duct flow.” J. Hydr. Res., 29(2), 179–187.
28.
Rhodes, D. G. (1991). “An experimental investigation of the mean flow structure in wide ducts of simple rectangular and compound trapezoidal cross‐section, examining in particular zones of high lateral shear,” PhD thesis, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, England.
29.
Rodi, W. (1980). Turbulence models and their application in hydraulics—a state of the art review, 2nd Ed., IAHR, Delft, The Netherlands.
30.
Tominaga, A., Nezu, I., Ezaki, K., and Nakagawa, H. (1989). “Three‐dimensional turbulent structure in straight open channel flows.” J. Hydr. Res., 27(1), 149–173.
31.
Tracy, H. J. (1976). “The structure of turbulent flow in a channel of complex shape.” Prof. Paper 983, U.S. Geological Survey, Washington, D.C.
32.
Wright, R. R., and Carstens, M. R. (1970). “Linear momentum flux to overbank sections.” J. Hydr. Div., ASCE, 96(9), 1781–1793.

Information & Authors

Information

Published In

Go to Journal of Hydraulic Engineering
Journal of Hydraulic Engineering
Volume 120Issue 7July 1994
Pages: 787 - 807

History

Received: May 18, 1993
Published online: Jul 1, 1994
Published in print: Jul 1994

Permissions

Request permissions for this article.

Authors

Affiliations

David G. Rhodes
Lect., School of Mech., Mat. and Civ. Engrg., Cranfield Univ., Shrivenham, Swindon, SN6 8LA, United Kingdom
Donald W. Knight, Member, ASCE
Reader, School of Civ. Engrg., Univ. of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom

Metrics & Citations

Metrics

Citations

Download citation

If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.

Cited by

View Options

Get Access

Access content

Please select your options to get access

Log in/Register Log in via your institution (Shibboleth)
ASCE Members: Please log in to see member pricing

Purchase

Save for later Information on ASCE Library Cards
ASCE Library Cards let you download journal articles, proceedings papers, and available book chapters across the entire ASCE Library platform. ASCE Library Cards remain active for 24 months or until all downloads are used. Note: This content will be debited as one download at time of checkout.

Terms of Use: ASCE Library Cards are for individual, personal use only. Reselling, republishing, or forwarding the materials to libraries or reading rooms is prohibited.
ASCE Library Card (5 downloads)
$105.00
Add to cart
ASCE Library Card (20 downloads)
$280.00
Add to cart
Buy Single Article
$35.00
Add to cart

Get Access

Access content

Please select your options to get access

Log in/Register Log in via your institution (Shibboleth)
ASCE Members: Please log in to see member pricing

Purchase

Save for later Information on ASCE Library Cards
ASCE Library Cards let you download journal articles, proceedings papers, and available book chapters across the entire ASCE Library platform. ASCE Library Cards remain active for 24 months or until all downloads are used. Note: This content will be debited as one download at time of checkout.

Terms of Use: ASCE Library Cards are for individual, personal use only. Reselling, republishing, or forwarding the materials to libraries or reading rooms is prohibited.
ASCE Library Card (5 downloads)
$105.00
Add to cart
ASCE Library Card (20 downloads)
$280.00
Add to cart
Buy Single Article
$35.00
Add to cart

Media

Figures

Other

Tables

Share

Share

Copy the content Link

Share with email

Email a colleague

Share