Head Losses in Storm Sewer Manholes: Submerged Jet Theory
Publication: Journal of Hydraulic Engineering
Volume 116, Issue 11
Abstract
The design of storm sewers especially suffers from lack of knowledge of the head losses in manholes. A submerged jet theory for the flow in manholes with straight throughflow has been outlined. The entrance head loss has been related to the kinetic energy transformation associated with the entrainment/detrainment in the jet. The exit head loss is calculated as a Carnot‐loss in connection with the vena contracta in the exit pipe. The jet theory and the experiments have shown that the only governing parameter for a specific manhole shape is the ratio of manhole diameter to pipe diameter. The theory has been compared to laboratory experiments. The head loss in storm sewer manholes is shown to be considerably smaller than the values calculated by traditional formulas.
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References
1.
Albertson, M. L., et al. (1950). “Diffusion of submerged jets.” Trans., ASCE, 115, 617–639.
2.
Bo Pedersen, F. (1986). “Environmental hydraulics: Stratified flows.” Lecture notes on coastal and estuarine studies 18. Springer Verlag, Berlin, West Germany.
3.
Johnston, A. J., and Volker, R. E. (1990). “Head losses at junction boxes.” J. Hydr. Engrg., ASCE, 116(3), 326–341.
4.
Lindvall, G. (1986). “Energiförluster i ledningsbrunnar, laboratoriemätninger.” Geohydrologiska forskningsgruppen, Meddelande nr.81, Chalmars Tekniska Högskola, Sweden (in Swedish).
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Marsalek, J. (1984). “Head losses at sewer junction manholes.” J. Hydr. Engrg., ASCE, 110(8), 1150–1154.
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Mark, O. (1989). “En matematisk model for energitab i broønde,” thesis presented to the Institute of Hydrodynamics and Hydraulic Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, at Lyngby, Denmark, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science (in Danish).
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Hydraulic Engineering
Volume 116 • Issue 11 • November 1990
Pages: 1317 - 1328
Copyright
Copyright © 1990 ASCE.
History
Published online: Nov 1, 1990
Published in print: Nov 1990
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