Turbulence Modeling of Surface Water Flow and Transport: Part II

The second in a five part series, this paper begins with a general discussion of the two equation turbulence model for twodimensional vertically integrated models. Special attention is placed upon the proper inclusion of bottom generated turbulence in the formulation. An extensive discussion of turbulent stress/flux equations ensues. The Reynolds stress equation is presented as is a detailed discussion of the method for including the effects of pressure on the calculation. Incorporation of wall effects on the pressure/stress calculation is performed by a damping function. A discussion of turbulent scalar flux and variance equation is presented and pressure and wall effects are again considered. Simplification via algebraic representation of the stress/flux equation is discussed. A particular difficulty in the use of such stress/flux models is the nonavailability of boundary data for the various terms. Various types of boundary condition treatments are summarized including wall and free surface varieties. The paper concludes with the first of three case studies; this one being a heated effluent discharge model of the Bruce A and B nuclear power plants on Lake Huron. Built by G. Raithby, the model is a full 3D formulation with a k‐ε model.