Suspension of Large Concentrations of Sands
Publication: Journal of Hydraulic Engineering
Volume 114, Issue 8
Abstract
Existing methods based on the diffusion theory have been extended to determine the sediment concentration distribution for large concentrations of sand. The modifications for volumetric concentrations ranging from 4 to 20% include decreased fall velocity, and increased viscosity and specific weight of the suspension. The sediment concentration profiles are sensitive to the velocity profiles and the fall velocity of sediment particles. In turbulent flows, either a power law or a two‐layered logarithmic law can be used to describe the velocity profiles and the sediment difiusivity. The proposed method accurately depicts the deviation from the Rouse equation at large concentrations of sands, and the agreement with sediment concentration profiles measured by Einstein and Chien is excellent. The proposed numerical solution gradually reduces to the relationships of Karim and Kennedy, and Rouse as the volumetric concentration decreases below four percent.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
1.
Chien, N., and Wan, Z. (1965). “The effect of sediment concentration gradient on the characteristics of flow and sediment motion.” J. Hydraul. Eng., Beijing, China, 2, 1–20 (in Chinese).
2.
Einstein, H. A., and Chien, N. (1955). “Effects of heavy sediment concentration near the bed on velocity and sediment distribution.” MRD series, no. 8, Univ. of California, Inst. of Engrg. Res. and U.S. Army Engrg. Div., Missouri River, Corps of Engrs., Omaha, Nebr.
3.
Halbronn, G. (1949). “Remarque sur la théorie de l'Austausch appliquée au transport des matériaux en suspension.” Proc., Int. Assoc., of Hydr. Res., 3rd Meeting, 1–6.
4.
Hunt, J. N. (1954). “The turbulent transport of suspended sediment in open channels.” Proc., Royal Society of London, Series A., 224(1158), 322–335.
5.
Karim, F., and Kennedy, J. F. (1983). “Missouri River computer‐based predictors for sediment discharges and friction factors of alluvial streams.” MRD Sediment Series, No. 29, U.S. Army Corps of Engrs., Missouri River, Mo.
6.
Laursen, E. M., and Lin, P. N. (1952). Discussion of “Turbulent transfer mechanism and suspended sediment in closed channels,” Trans., ASCE, 117(2500), 435–443.
7.
Lavelle, J. W., and Thacker, W. C. (1978). “Effects of hindered settling on sediment concentration profiles.” J. Hydraul. Res., 16(4), 347–355.
8.
Maude, A. D., and Whitmore, R. L. (1958). “A generalized theory of sedimentation.” British Journal of Appl. Physics, Bristol, England, 9, Dec., 477–482.
9.
Ordonez, C. N. A. (1970). “The absolute concentration distribution of suspended sediment in turbulent streams,” thesis presented to the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Mass., in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy.
10.
Richardson, J. F., and Zaki, W. N. (1954). “Sedimentation and fluidization, parti.” Trans., Institute of Chemical Engineers, 32, 35–53.
11.
Rouse, H. (1937). “Modern conceptions of the mechanics of fluid turbulence.” Trans., ASCE, 102, 463–543.
12.
Schmidt, W. (1925). “Der Massenaustausch in freier Luft und verwandte Erscheinungen.” Probleme der kosmischen Physik, 7, Hamburg, Germany, (in German).
13.
Thomas, D. G. (1965). “Transport characteristics of suspension: VIII. A note on the viscosity of Newtonian suspensions of uniform spherical particles.” Journal of Colloid and Interface Sci., 20, 267–277.
14.
van Rijn, L. C. (1984). “Sediment transport part II: Suspended load transport.” J. Hydr. Engrg., ASCE, 110(11), 1613–1641.
15.
Woo, H. S. (1985). “Sediment transport in hyperconcentrated flows,” thesis presented to Colorado State University, at Fort Collins, Colo., in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy.
16.
Zimmermaim, C., and Kennedy, J. F. (1978). “Transverse bed slopes in curved alluvial streams.” J. Hydr. Div., ASCE, 104(HY1), 33–48.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Copyright
Copyright © 1988 ASCE.
History
Published online: Aug 1, 1988
Published in print: Aug 1988
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.