Avoidance of Seawater Intrusion into Ports of Ocean Outfalls
Publication: Journal of Hydraulic Engineering
Volume 114, Issue 2
Abstract
When the flow rate from a port discharging buoyant fluid into a denser environment is less than a critical value, a counter flow of dense fluid will become established through the port. Experiments were conducted at near prototype scales which confirmed that the critical rate of discharge could be expressed in terms of a densimetric Froude number based on the port diameter and the buoyancy of the discharge. The value of the critical Froude number was found to depend primarily on the port orientation and shape.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
1.
Bennet, N. J. (1981). “Initial dilution: A practical study on the Hastings long sea outfall.” Proc., Institution of Civil Engineers, 70, 113–123.
2.
Brooks, N. H. (1970). “Conceptual design of submarine outfalls. Hydraulic design of diffusers.” Tech. Memo 70‐2, California Institute of Technology, M. W. Keck Laboratory of Hydraulics and Water Resources, Pasadena, Calif., Jan.
3.
Cederwall, K. (1968). “Hydraulics of marine water disposal.” Hydraulics Division Report No. 42. Chalmers Institute of Technology, Göteborg, Sweden.
4.
Charlton, J. A. (1982). “Hydraulic modelling of saline intrusion into sea outfalls.” Proc., International Conference on the Hydraulic Modelling of Civil Engineering Structures, BHRA Fluid Engineering, Coventry, England, Sept., 349–356.
5.
Jorg, O., and Scorer, R. S. (1967). “An experimental study of cold chimneys.” Atmos. Environ., 1, 645–654.
6.
Munro, D. (1981). “Seawater exclusion from tunnelled outfalls discharging sewage.” Report 7‐M, Water Research Centre, Stevenage Laboratory, Stevenage, England, May.
7.
Schijf, J. B., and Schonfeld, J. C. (1953). “Theoretical considerations on the motion of salt and freshwater.” Proc., Minnesota International Hydraulic Convention, Minneapolis, Minn., 321–333.
8.
Sharp, J. J., and Wang, C. (1974). “Arrested wedge in a circular tube.” J. Hydr, Div., ASCE, 99(7), 1085–1088.
9.
Wilkinson, D. L. (1985). “Seawater circulation in sewage outfall tunnels.” J. Hydr. Engrg., ASCE, 111(5), 846–858.
10.
Wilkinson, D. L. (1986). “Buoyancy driven exchange flow in a horizontal pipe.” J. Engrg. Mech., ASCE, 112(5), 485–497.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Hydraulic Engineering
Volume 114 • Issue 2 • February 1988
Pages: 218 - 228
Copyright
Copyright © 1988 ASCE.
History
Published online: Feb 1, 1988
Published in print: Feb 1988
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.