Sediment Entrainment and Deposition Measurements in Long Island Sound
Publication: Journal of Hydraulic Engineering
Volume 113, Issue 10
Abstract
Entrainment and deposition fluxes were measured in Central Long Island Sound. Data were collected with a 3‐MHz acoustic transceiver range gated to sample the sediment concentration in 1‐cm intervals in the bottom 70 cm of the water column. Horizontal and vertical velocities were sampled 68 cm above the bottom. A turbulent control volume derivation was used to estimate the fluxes and their variation over one 3.5‐hr deployment and a second deployment that spanned a tidal cycle. Time histories of three measures of the shear stress as well as the turbulent and wave kinetic energy were correlated with the entrainment fluxes. Turbulent and wave kinetic energy was the most reliable correlate with entrainment while the Reynolds' stress and drag coefficient estimates fared less well, the former failing at ebb tide, and the latter during periods of low average velocity.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
1.
Aubrey, D., and Trowbridge, J. (1985). “Kinematic and dynamic estimates from electromagnetic current meter data.” J. Geo. Res. 90(c5), 9137–9146.
2.
Bedford, K., and Abdelrhman, M. (1986). “Improved acoustic and analysis methods for parameterizing resuspension in Monroe Harbor/Raisin River, part I: a review of near bottom transport processes of importance to Lake Erie and the Great Lakes.” Final Report. U.S. EPA Large Lakes Research Station, Grosse Ile, Mich.
3.
Bedford, K., Libicki, C., and Van Evra III, R. (1986a). “Transport and resuspension of dredged spoil material from a site in Central Long Island Sound.” Proj. Completion Report PSA‐4599. Univ. of Connecticut, Groton, Conn.
4.
Bedford, K., Libicki, C., Wai, O., and Van Evra III, R. (1986b). “The structure of a sediment boundary layer in Central Long Island Sound.” Physical Processes in Estuaries. Springer‐Verlag, Delft, Holland.
5.
Bedford, K., Van Evra III, R., and Valizadeh, A. H. (1982). “Ultrasonic measurement of sediment resuspension.” Applying Research to Hydraulic Practice. P. E. Smith, ed., ASCE, New York, N.Y., 575–585.
6.
Bohlen, F. (1982). “In‐situ monitoring of sediment resuspension in vicinity of active dredge spoils disposal areas.” Oceans '82. IEEE Press, New York, N.Y., 1028–1033.
7.
Bowden, K., and Ferguson, S. (1980). “Variations with height of the turbulence in a tidally induced bottom boundary layer.” Marine Turbulence. J. Nihoul, ed. Elsevier, New York, N.Y., 259–286.
8.
Caldwell, D., and Chriss, T. (1982). “The viscous sublayer at the sea floor.” Science 205(14), 1131–1132.
9.
Grant, W., and Madsen, O. (1986). “The Continental Shelf bottom boundary layer.” Ann. Rev. of Fluid Mechanics 18, 265–306.
10.
Grant, W., Williams, R., and Glenn, S. (1984). “Bottom stress estimates and their prediction on the Northern California Continental Shelf during CODE‐1: the importance of wave‐current interaction.” J. Phy. Ocean. 14, 506–527.
11.
Gordon, C., and Dohne, C. (1973). “Some observations of turbulent flow in a tidal estuary.” J. Geo. Res. 78(12), 1971–1978.
12.
Gross, T., and Nowell, A. (1983). “Mean flow and turbulence scaling in a tidal boundary layer.” Continental Shelf Research 2(2/3), 109–126.
13.
Gross, T., and Nowell, A. (1985). “Spectral scaling in a tidal boundary.” J. Phy. Ocean. 15, 496–508.
14.
Heathershaw, A. (1979). “Turbulent structure of the bottom boundary layer in a tidal current.” Geo. J. Royal Astronomical Society 58(2), 395–430.
15.
Heathershaw, A., and Simpson, J. (1978). “The sampling variability of the Reynolds stress and its relation to boundary shear stress and drag coefficient measurements.” Estuarine and Coastal Marine Sci. 6, 263–274.
16.
Libicki, C., Bedford, K., and Lynch, J. (1987). “A 3 MHz acoustic sediment profiling system.” Coastal Sediments by '87. N. Krauss, ed., ASCE, New York, N.Y.
17.
Lumley, J. (1978). “Two‐phase and non‐Newtonian flows.” Topics in Applied Physics. P. Bradshaw, ed., Springer Verlag, New York, N.Y., 289–324.
18.
McClean, S., and Smith, J. (1986). “A Model for Flow Over Two‐Dimensional Bed Forms,” J. Hydraulic Engineering, ASCE 112(4), 300–317.
19.
Monin, A., and Yaglom, A. (1975). Statistical Hydromechanics. Vol. I. MIT Press, Cambridge, Mass.
20.
Smith, J., and McClean, S. (1977a). “Bottom boundary layer adjustments to bottom topography and suspended sediment.” Bottom turbulence. J. Nihoul, ed., Elsevier, New York, N.Y., 123–151.
21.
Smith, J., and McClean, S. (1977b). “Spatially averaged flow over a wavy surface.” J. Geo. Res. 82(12), 1735–1746.
22.
Sternberg, R. (1972). “Predicting initial motion and bed load transport of sediment particles in the shallow marine environment.” Shelf Sediment Transport: Processes and Patterns. D. Swift, D. Duane, and O. Pilkey, eds., Dowden, Hutchinson and Ross, Stroudsburg, Pa., 61–82.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Hydraulic Engineering
Volume 113 • Issue 10 • October 1987
Pages: 1325 - 1342
Copyright
Copyright © 1987 ASCE.
History
Published online: Oct 1, 1987
Published in print: Oct 1987
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.