Coriolis Generated Secondary Currents in Channels
Publication: Journal of Hydraulic Engineering
Volume 112, Issue 8
Abstract
The effects of rotation on turbulent channel flow are discussed. In particular, the influence of the earth's rotation is analyzed, and some of the previous literature is reviewed. It is shown that Coriolis‐induced secondary currents should be of importance if they have a magnitude of 1% of the downstream velocity. A simplified analysis is used to estimate the relative magnitude of the horizontal secondary velocity at the cross‐plane center point for fully developed flow in a wide channel as a function of Rossby number. Numerical model simulations are used to investigate the influence of the side walls and the magnitude of the secondary velocities for developing flow. The results show that the secondary velocities amount to about 1% of the downstream velocity for rather slowly flowing deep channels.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
1.
Bathurst, J. C., Thorne, C. R., and Hey, R. D. (1979). “Secondary Flow and Shear Stress at River Bends,” Journal of the Hydraulics Division, ASCE, 105(HY10), 1277–1295.
2.
Benton, G. S. (1956). “The Effect of the Earth's Rotation on Laminar Flow in Pipes,” Journal of Applied Mechanics, 23(1), Mar., 123–127.
3.
Brundrett, E., and Baines, W. D. (1964). “The Production and Diffusion of Vorticity in Duct Flow,” Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 19, Part 3, 375–394.
4.
Einstein, A. (1926). “Die Ursache der Mäanderbildung der Flussläufe und des sogenannten Baerschen Gesetzes,” Naturwissenschaften. Heft 11.
5.
Ekman, V. W. (1905). “On the Influence of the Earth's Rotation on Ocean‐Currents,” Arkiv för Matematik, Astronomi, och Fysik, 2(11).
6.
Fischer, H. B. (1973). “Longitudinal Dispersion and Turbulent Mixing in Open‐Channel Flow,” Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics, 5, 59–78.
7.
Gehrig, W. (1980). “Models with Coriolis Forces,” Hydraulic Modelling. H. Kobus, Ed., Pitman Books Ltd., London, England.
8.
Hossain, M. S., Rodi, W. (1980). “Mathematical Modelling of Vertical Mixing in Stratified Channel Flow,” Proceedings, 2nd Symposium on Stratified Flows, Trondheim, Norway.
9.
Howard, J. G. H., Patankar, S. V., and Bordynuik, R. M. (1980). “Flow Prediction in Rotating Ducts Using Coriolis‐Modified Turbulence Models,” Transactions of the ASME, 102, Dec., 456–461.
10.
Kabelac, O. W. (1957). “Rivers Under Influence of Terrestrial Rotation,” Journal of the Waterways and Harbor Division, ASCE, 83(WW1).
11.
Kirschmer, O. (1949). “Reibungsverluste in Rorhren und Kanälen, Die Wasserwirtschaft,” 39, Stuttgart, Germany, 168–174.
12.
Larsson, R. (1984). “Simulation of Two‐Dimensional and Three‐Dimensional Channel Flows,” WREL Report No A 132. Department of Water Resources Engrg., Univ. of Luleå, Luleå, Sweden.
13.
Launder, B. E., and Spalding, D. B. (1974). “The Numerical Computation of Turbulent Flows,” Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering, 3, 269–289.
14.
Melling, A., and Whitelaw, J. H. (1976). “Turbulent Flow in a Rectangular Duct,” Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 78, Part 2, 289–315.
15.
Naot, D., and Rodi, W. (1982). “Calculation of Secondary Currents in Channel Flow,” Journal of the Hydraulics Division, ASCE, 108(HY8), 948–968.
16.
Nikuradse, J. (1926). “Untersuchung uber die Geschwindigkeitsverteilin Turbulenten Strömungen,” VDI Forschungsarbeiten. Heft 281.
17.
Rodi, W. (1980). “Turbulence Models and Their Application in Hydraulics.” International Assoc. of Hydraulic Research (IAHR).
18.
Spalding, D. B. (1981). “A General Purpose Computer Program for Multi‐Dimensional One‐ and Two‐Phase Flow,” Mathematics and Computers in Simulation, 23, North Holland Press, 267–276.
19.
Speziale, C. G. (1982). “Numerical Study of Viscous Flow in Rotating Rectangular Ducts,” Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 122, 251–271.
20.
Svensson, U. (1977). “A Note on the Value of the Prandtl/Schmidt Number for Turbulent Kinetic Energy, as Used in the Turbulence Model,” Report No. 7001. Department of Water Resources Engrg., Lund Inst., of Tech., Lund, Sweden.
21.
Svensson, U. (1978). “A Mathematical Model of the Seasonal Thermocline,” Report No. 1002. Department of Water Resources Engrg., Lund Inst. of Tech., Lund, Sweden.
22.
von Baer (1860). “Uber ein allgemeines Gesetz in der Gestaltung der Flussbetten,” Bulletin de l'Academie des Sciences de Petersburg.
23.
Wagner, R. E., and Velkoff, H. R. (1972). “Measurements of Secondary Flows in a Rotating Duct,” Journal of Engineering for Power, Oct., 261–270.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Copyright
Copyright © 1986 ASCE.
History
Published online: Aug 1, 1986
Published in print: Aug 1986
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.