TECHNICAL PAPERS
Jan 1, 1996

Determining Relative Density of Sands from CPT Using Fuzzy Sets

Publication: Journal of Geotechnical Engineering
Volume 122, Issue 1

Abstract

Significant discrepancy exists among the available correlations that are commonly used for determining relative density using cone penetration test (CPT) data. These correlations recognize the difference in sand compressibility and its effect on CPT data. Experience has indicated that compressibility is not a well-defined parameter. Current knowledge on the subject of sand compressibility and its effect on CPT data is limited and qualitative. A new approach that aggregates some of the available correlations for the determination of relative density using CPT data is developed. The new approach uses a weighting scheme that relates the compressibility, measured by friction ratio and expressed as a fuzzy number, to the base correlations. Field CPT data are used to examine and demonstrate the new approach. Results of the limited cases studied show that relative density can be determined reliably from CPT data using the proposed model.

Get full access to this article

View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.

References

1.
Baldi, G., Bellotti, R., Ghionna, V., Jamiolkowski, M., and Pasqualini, E. (1982). “Design parameters for sands from CPT.”Proc., 2nd Eur. Symp. on Penetration Testing, A. A. Balkema, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Vol. 2, 425–432.
2.
Baldi, G., Bellotti, R., Ghionna, V., Jamiolkowski, M., and Pasqualini, E. (1986). “Interpretation of CPT's and CPTU's. 2nd Part: drained penetration on sands.”Proc., 4th Int. Geotech. Seminar: Field Instrumentation and In Situ Measurements, Nanyang Technol. Univ., Singapore, 143–162.
3.
Brubaker, D. I. (1991). “Singleton outputs.”Huntington Tech. Brief No. 16, (July), The Huntington Group, Menlo, Calif.
4.
Chameau, J. L., Altschaeffl, A., Michael, H., and Yao, J. T. P.(1983). “Potential applications of fuzzy sets in civil engineering.”Int. J. of Man-Machine Studies, 19, 9–18.
5.
DiMillio, A. F., Ng, E. S., Briaud, J. L., O'Neill, M. W., and GeoResource Consultants. (1987). “Pile group prediction symposium: summary. Vol. I, sandy soil.”Rep. No. FHwA-TS-87-221, Fed. Hwy. Admin. (FHwA), Washington, D.C.
6.
Elton, D. J., Juang, C. H., and Sukumaran, B. (1995). “Liquefaction susceptibility evaluation using fuzzy sets.”Soils and Found., 35(2).
7.
FIDE—Fuzzy inference development environment user's manual. (1992). Aptronix, Inc., Calif.
8.
Gibbens, R., and Briaud, J. L. (1994). “Data and prediction request for the spread footing prediction event.”Predicted and Measured Behavior of Five Spread Footings on Sand: ASCE Geotech. Spec. Publ. No. 41, ASCE, New York, N.Y., 11–85.
9.
Jamiolkowski, M., Baldi, G., Bellotti, R., Ghionna, V. N., and Pasqualini, E. (1985). “Penetration resistance and liquefaction of sands.”Proc., 11th Int. Conf. on Soil Mech. and Found. Engrg., A.A. Balkema, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, 1891–1896.
10.
Jamiolkowski, M., Ghionna, V. N., Lancellotta, R., and Pasqualini, E. (1988). “New correlations of penetration tests for design practice.”Proc., 1st Int. Symp. on Penetration Testing, ISOPT-1, A.A. Balkema, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, 263–296.
11.
Juang, C. H., Wey, J. L., and Elton, D. J.(1991). “Model for capacity of single piles in sand using fuzzy sets.”J. Geotech. Engrg., ASCE, 117(2), 1920–1931.
12.
Juang, C. H., Lee, D. H., and Sheu, C.(1992a). “Mapping slope failure potential using fuzzy sets.”J. Geotech. Engrg., ASCE, 118(3), 475–494.
13.
Juang, C. H., Huang, X. H., and Elton, D. J.(1992b). “Modelling and analysis of non-random uncertainties—fuzzy set approach.”Int. J. Numer. and Analytical Methods in Geomech., 16, 335–350.
14.
Juang, C. H., Clark, J. E., and Ghosh, P. (1993). “Representation, processing, and interpretation of fuzzy information in civil engineering.”Transp. Res. Rec. 1139, Transp. Res. Board, Washington, D.C., 20–27.
15.
Juang, C. H., Lee, K., and Chen, J. W. (1994). “A new approach for siting landfills using fuzzy sets.”J. Civ. Engrg. Sys., Vol. 12, 85–103.
16.
Kauffman, A., and Gupta, M. M. (1985). Introduction to fuzzy arithmetic: theory and applications . Van Nostrand Reinhold Co., New York, N.Y.
17.
Kulhawy, F. H., and Mayne, P. W. (1991). “Relative density, SPT, and CPT interrelationships.”Proc., 1st Int. Symp. on Calibration Chamber Testing, Elsevier, New York, N.Y., 197–211.
18.
Lambrechts, J. R., and Leonards, G. A.(1978). “Effects of stress history on deformation of sand.”J. Geotech. Engrg., ASCE, 104(11), 1371–1387.
19.
Liao, S. S., and Whitman, R. V.(1986). “Overburden correction factors for SPT in sand.”J. Geotech. Engrg., ASCE, 112(3), 373–377.
20.
Lunne, T., Edismoen, T., Gillespie, D., and Howland, J. (1986). “Laboratory and field evaluation of cone penetrometers.”Use of In-Situ Tests in Geotech. Engrg.: Geotech. Spec. Publ. No. 6, S. P. Clemence, ed., ASCE, New York, N.Y., 714–729.
21.
Mayne, P. W., and Kulhawy, F. H. (1991). “Calibration chamber database and boundary effects correction for CPT data.”Proc., First Int. Symp. on Calibration Chamber Testing, Potsdam, N.Y., 257–264.
22.
Mitchell, J. K. (1992). Fundamentals of Soil Behavior, 2nd Ed., John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, N.Y.
23.
Nguyen, N. U.(1985). “Some fuzzy set applications in mining geomechanics.”Int. J. of Rock Mech., Mining Sci. and Geomech. Abstracts, 22(6), 369–379.
24.
Ni, S. H., Lu, P. C., and Juang, C. H. (1995). “A fuzzy neural network approach to evaluation of slope failure potential.”Spec. Issue on Fuzzy Logic in Civ. Engrg., J. Microcomp. in Civ. Engrg., Vol. 11.
25.
Parkin, A. K. (1988). “The calibration of cone penetrometers.”Proc., 1st Int. Symp. on Penetration Testing, ISOPT-1, A.A. Balkema, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, 221–244.
26.
Robertson, P. K., and Campanella, R. G.(1983). “Interpretation of cone penetration tests. Part I: Sand.”Can. Geotech. J., Ottawa, Canada, 20, 718–733.
27.
Schmertmann, J. H. (1978). “Guidelines for cone penetration test, performance and design.”Rep. FHwA-TS-78-209, Fed. Hwy. Admin. (FHwA), Washington, D.C.
28.
Vanikar, S. N. (1986). “Manual on design and construction of driven pile foundations.”Rep. No. FHwA-DP-66-1 (Revision 1), Fed. Hwy. Admin. (FHwA), Washington, D.C., 57.
29.
Villet, W. C., and Mitchell, J. K. (1981). “Cone resistance, relative density and friction angle.”Proc., Session on Cone Penetration Testing and Experience, ASCE National Convention, G. N. Norris and R. D. Holtz, eds., ASCE, New York, N.Y., 178–208.
30.
Zadeh, L. A.(1965). “Fuzzy sets.”Information and Control, 8, 338–353.
31.
Zadeh, L. A. (1973). “Outline of a new approach to the analysis of complex systems and decision process.”Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Trans., Inst. of Electr. and Electronics Engrs., New York, N.Y., 28–44.

Information & Authors

Information

Published In

Go to Journal of Geotechnical Engineering
Journal of Geotechnical Engineering
Volume 122Issue 1January 1996
Pages: 1 - 6

History

Published online: Jan 1, 1996
Published in print: Jan 1996

Permissions

Request permissions for this article.

Authors

Affiliations

C. H. Juang, Member, ASCE
Prof., Dept. of Civ. Engrg., Clemson Univ., Clemson, SC 29634-0911.
X. H. Huang
Proj. Engr., Law Engineering and Environmental Services, Charlotte, NC 28220.
R. D. Holtz, Fellow, ASCE
Prof., Dept. of Civ. Engrg., Univ. of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195.
J. W. Chen
Assoc. Prof., Dept. of Civ. Engrg., Nat. Cheng-Kung Univ., Tainan 700, Taiwan.

Metrics & Citations

Metrics

Citations

Download citation

If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.

Cited by

View Options

Get Access

Access content

Please select your options to get access

Log in/Register Log in via your institution (Shibboleth)
ASCE Members: Please log in to see member pricing

Purchase

Save for later Information on ASCE Library Cards
ASCE Library Cards let you download journal articles, proceedings papers, and available book chapters across the entire ASCE Library platform. ASCE Library Cards remain active for 24 months or until all downloads are used. Note: This content will be debited as one download at time of checkout.

Terms of Use: ASCE Library Cards are for individual, personal use only. Reselling, republishing, or forwarding the materials to libraries or reading rooms is prohibited.
ASCE Library Card (5 downloads)
$105.00
Add to cart
ASCE Library Card (20 downloads)
$280.00
Add to cart
Buy Single Article
$35.00
Add to cart

Get Access

Access content

Please select your options to get access

Log in/Register Log in via your institution (Shibboleth)
ASCE Members: Please log in to see member pricing

Purchase

Save for later Information on ASCE Library Cards
ASCE Library Cards let you download journal articles, proceedings papers, and available book chapters across the entire ASCE Library platform. ASCE Library Cards remain active for 24 months or until all downloads are used. Note: This content will be debited as one download at time of checkout.

Terms of Use: ASCE Library Cards are for individual, personal use only. Reselling, republishing, or forwarding the materials to libraries or reading rooms is prohibited.
ASCE Library Card (5 downloads)
$105.00
Add to cart
ASCE Library Card (20 downloads)
$280.00
Add to cart
Buy Single Article
$35.00
Add to cart

Media

Figures

Other

Tables

Share

Share

Copy the content Link

Share with email

Email a colleague

Share