Liquefaction under Random Loading: Unit Energy Approach
Publication: Journal of Geotechnical Engineering
Volume 121, Issue 11
Abstract
Liquefaction triggered by earthquakes is a source of major damage to structures resting on loose to medium sandy soils. The use of energy levels to define the onset of liquefaction has been validated in a previous study involving sinusoidal excitations. The present investigation extends the use of the energy concept to the kind of random excitations present in an earthquake time series. Tests conducted on sand specimens under several confining pressures and at different relative densities support this approach, which provides a solid and suitable link between laboratory and field behavior.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
1.
Annaki, M., and Lee, K. L.(1977). “Equivalent uniform cycle concept for soil dynamics.”J. Geotech. Engrg. Div., ASCE, 103(6), 549–564.
2.
Berrill, J. B., and Davis, R. O.(1985). “Energy dissipation and seismic liquefaction of sands: revised model.”Soils and Found., 25(2), 106–118.
3.
Davis, R. O., and Berrill, J. B.(1982). “Energy dissipation and seismic liquefaction in sands.”Earthquake Engrg. and Struct. Dyn., 19, 59–68.
4.
Dobry, R., Ladd, R. S., Yokel, F. Y., Chung, R. M., and Powell, D. (1982). “Prediction of pore water pressure buildup and liquefaction of sands during earthquakes by the cyclic strain method.”Building science series 138, National Bureau of Standards, U.S. Department of Commerce, U.S. Governmental Printing Office, Washington, D.C.
5.
Figueroa, J. L. (1990). “A method for evaluating soil liquefaction by energy principles.”Proc., 4th U.S. Nat. Conf. on Earthquake Engrg., Earthquake Engineering Research Institute, El Cerrito, Calif.
6.
Figueroa, J. L., and Dahisaria, M. N. (1991). “An energy approach in defining soil liquefaction.”Proc., 2nd Int. Conf. on Recent Advances in Geotech. Earthquake Engrg. and Soil Dyn., University of Missouri–Rolla, Mo.
7.
Figueroa, J. L., Saada, A. S., Liang, L., and Dahisaria, M. N.(1994). “Evaluation of soil liquefaction by energy principles.”J. Geotech. Engrg. Div., ASCE, 120(9), 1554–1569.
8.
Ishihara, K., and Yasuda, S.(1972). “Sand liquefaction due to irregular excitation.”Soils and Found., 12(4), 65–77.
9.
Ishihara, K., and Yasuda, S.(1975). “Sand liquefaction in hollow cylinder torsion under irregular excitation.”Soils and Found., 15(1), 45–59.
10.
Kanamori, H., Mori, J., Hauksson, E., Heaton, T. H., Hutton, L. K., and Jones, L. M. (1993). “Determination of earthquake energy release and M L using Terrascope.”Bull. Seismological Soc. of Am., 83(2), 330–346.
11.
Law, K. T., Cao, Y. L., and He, G. N.(1990). “An energy approach for assessing seismic liquefaction potential.”Can. Geotech. J., 27, 320–329.
12.
Lee, K. L., and Focht, J. A. Jr.(1975). “Liquefaction potential at the Ekofisk tank in the North Sea.”J. Geotech. Engrg. Div., ASCE, 101(1), 1–18.
13.
Nemat-Nasser, S., and Shokooh, A.(1979). “A unified approach to densification and liquefaction of cohensionless sand in cyclic shearing.”Can. Geotech. J., 16, 659–678.
14.
Saada, A. S. (1988). “State of the art paper hollow cylinder torsional devices: their advantages and limitations.”ASTM STP 977, Proc., Symp. on Adv. Triaxial Testing of Soil and Rock, ASTM, Philadelphia, Pa.
15.
Seed, H. B., and Idriss, I. M.(1971). “Simplified procedure for evaluating soil liquefaction potential.”J. Soil Mech. and Found. Div., ASCE, 97(9), 1249–1274.
16.
Seed, H. B., Idriss, I. M., Makdisi, F., and Banerjee, N. (1975). “Representation of irregular stress time histories by equivalent uniform stress series in liquefaction analysis.”Rep. No. EERC 75-29, University of California, Berkeley, Calif.
17.
Sen, A., and Srivastava, M. (1990). “Regression analysis: theory, methods and applications.” Springer-Verlag, New York.
18.
Simcock, J., Davis, R. O., Berrill, J. B., and Mallenger, G.(1983). “Cyclic triaxial tests with continuous measurement of dissipated energy.”Geotech. Testing J., 6(1), 35–39.
19.
Taboada, V. M., and Dobry, R. (1993). “Experimental results of model No. 1 at RPI.”Verification of numerical procedures for the analysis of soil liquefaction problem.” K. Arulanandan and R. F. Scott, eds., Vol. 1, A. A. Balkema, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Geotechnical Engineering
Volume 121 • Issue 11 • November 1995
Pages: 776 - 781
Copyright
Copyright © 1995 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Published online: Nov 1, 1995
Published in print: Nov 1995
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.