Experimental Behavior of Polymeric Geogrids in Pullout
Publication: Journal of Geotechnical Engineering
Volume 120, Issue 4
Abstract
The increasing use of polymeric geogrids in reinforced soil walls and steep slopes warrants special attention to all details including their anchorage behavior. Because of the open structural nature of geogrids, their performance is different from other sheet‐like reinforcing materials such as metallic strips and geotextiles. They derive their anchorage capacity through both friction and bearing resistances. This paper focuses on the structural behavior of geogrids under a pullout loading condition. An experimental investigation is conducted using three different geogrids tested at three different lengths. The load‐displacement response at different locations along the geogrid is monitored during pullout. The experimental results are compared with predictions using a previously published finite‐element model simulating soil‐geogrid interaction and taking into account the deformation of the geogrid structure. Tension in the geogrid, as well as friction and bearing components of resistance, are presented in relation to geogrid length, pullout load magnitude, and distance from the clamped end of the geogrid. Factors such as the load‐extension behavior of ribs in the pullout load direction and the flexibility of ribs in the perpendicular direction as well as their ability to transfer the load through the rib junctions are shown to greatly influence the overall behavior. The results emphasize the fact that the success of a geogrid in fulfilling its anchorage role is directly related to its structural composition and material specific characteristics.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
1.
Alimi, I., Bacot, J., Lareal, P., Long, N. T., and Schlosser, F. (1977). “Etude de l'adherence sol armature.” Proc., 9th Int. Conf. Soil Mech. and Found. Engrg., Japanese Society of Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, Tokyo, Japan, Vol. 1, 11–14.
2.
Bonckiewicz, C., Christopher, B., and Simac, M. (1991). “Load distribution in geogrids with low junction efficiency.” Proc., Geosynthetic '91 Conf., IFAI, St. Paul, Minn., Vol. 2, 643–652.
3.
Clough, R. W., and Duncan, J. M. (1971). “Finite element analyses of retaining wall behavior.” J. Soil Mech. and Found. Div., ASCE, 97(12), 1657–1673.
4.
Guilloux, A., Schlosser, F., and Long, N. T. (1979). “Etude du Frottement Sable‐Armature en Laboratoire.” Proc., Int. Conf. on Soil Reinforcement, Association Amicale des Ingénieurs Anciens Elèves de l'E.N.P.C, Paris, France, Vol. 1, 35–39.
5.
Jewell, R. A., Milligan, G. W. E., Sarsby, R. W., and DuBois, D. (1984). “Interaction between soil and geogrids.” Polymer Grid Reinforcement. Thomas Telford, London, England, 18–30.
6.
Jewell, R. A. (1991). “Application of revised design charts for steep reinforced slopes.” Geotextiles and Geomembranes, 10(3), 203–233.
7.
Juran, I., and Chen, C. L. (1988). “Soil‐geotextile pull‐out interaction properties: testing and interpretation.” Transp. Res. Record 1188, Transportation Research Board (TRB), National Research Council, Washington, D.C., 37–47.
8.
Koerner, R. M., Wayne, M. H., and Carroll, R. G. (1989). “Analytic behavior of geogrid anchorage.” Proc., Geosynthetics 89 Conf., IFAI, St. Paul, Minn., 525–536.
9.
Koerner, R. M., and Wilson‐Fahmy, R. F. (1991a). “Vol. 1: geogrid reinforced walls.” Rep. No. FHWA‐PA‐91‐003+90‐17, Res. Proj. No. 90‐17: Application of Geogrids, Pennsylvania Department of Transportation, Harrisburg, Pa.
10.
Koerner, R. M., and Wilson‐Fahmy, R. F. (1991b). “Vol. 2: geogrid reinforced steep soil slopes.” Rep. No. FHWA‐PA‐91‐014+90‐17, Res. Proj. No. 90‐17: Application of Geogrids, Pennsylvania Department of Transportation, Harrisburg, Pa.
11.
Lentz, R. W., and Pyatt, J. N. (1988). “Pull‐out resistance of geogrids in sand.” Transp. Res. Record 1188, TRB, National Research Concil, Washington, D.C., 48–55.
12.
Palmeira, E. M., and Milligan, W. E. (1989). “Scale and other factors affecting the results of pull‐out tests of grids buried in sand.” Geotechnique, London, England, 39(3), 511–524.
13.
Schwab, E. F., Pregl, O., and Broms, B. B. (1977). “Deformation behavior of reinforced sand at model tests measured by the X‐ray technique.” Proc., Int. Conf. on Use of Fabrics in Geotechnics, Association Amicale des Ingénieurs Anciens Elèves de l'E.N.P.C, Paris, France, Vol. 1, 105–112.
14.
Wilson‐Fahmy, R. F., and Koerner, R. M. (1993). “Finite element modeling of soil‐geogrid interaction with application to the behavior of geogrids in a pullout loading condition.” Geotextiles and Geomembranes, 12(5), 479–501.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Copyright
Copyright © 1994 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Apr 22, 1991
Published online: Apr 1, 1994
Published in print: Apr 1994
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.