Stress‐History‐Based Model for of Cohesionless soils
Publication: Journal of Geotechnical Engineering
Volume 119, Issue 7
Abstract
An empirical, stress‐history‐based model for the small strain (or elastic) shear modulus of cohesionless soils has been developed. Various sands were tested in an 18 cm diameter oedometer equipped with lateral‐stress measuring capabilities and bender elements for propagating and recording elastic waves through the specimens. While previous efforts have found scaling with approximately the 1/2 power of confining stress , the present work shows on virgin loading ranging from 0.39 to 0.72. Furthermore, was shown to be related to the maximum dimensionless stiffness coefficient for 1‐D strain . The values of on unloading and reloading displayed a much narrower range than . The average value of was 0.38, a value much closer to the theoretical for perfect spheres. This is attributed to the smaller changes in number and quality of intergranular contacts during unloading and reloading than during virgin compression. The developed model for includes overconsolidation ratio (OCR) terms for the horizontal and vertical directions. However, to implement it, an estimate for the OCR term can be made based solely on the in situ .
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
1.
Afifi, S. S., and Richart, F. E. Jr. (1973). “Stress history effects on shear modulus of soils.” Soils and Found., 13(1), 77–95.
2.
Andrawes, K. Z., and El‐Sohby, M. A. (1973). “Factors affecting coefficient of Earth pressure .” J. Soil Mech. and Found. Engrg. Div., ASCE, 99(7), 527–539.
3.
Cundall, P. A., and Strack, O. D. L. (1983). “Modeling of microscopic mechanisms in granular material.” Mechanics of granular materials: new models and constitutive relations. Elsevier Science Publishers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 137–149.
4.
DeAlba, P., Baldwin, K., Janoo, V., Roe, G., and Celikkol, B. (1984). “Elastic wave velocities and liquefaction potential.” ASTM Geotech. Test. J., 7(2), 77–87.
5.
Deresiewicz, H. (1958). “Stress‐strain relations for a simple model of a granular medium.” J. Appl. Mech., 25, 402–406.
6.
Drnevich, V. P., and Richart, F. E. Jr. (1970). “Dynamic prestraining of dry sand.” J. Soil Mech. and Found. Engrg. Div., ASCE, 96(2), 453–469.
7.
Duffy, J., and Mindlin, R. D. (1957). “Stress strain relations for a granular medium.” J. Appl. Mech., 24, 585–593.
8.
Duffy, J. (1959). “A differential stress‐strain relation for the hexagonal closed‐packed array of elastic spheres.” J. Appl. Mech., 26, 88–94.
9.
Dyvik, R., and Madshus, C. (1985). “Lab measurement of using bender elements.” Proc. ASCE Conf. on Adv. in Art of Testing Soils under Cyclic Conditions, ASCE, 186–196.
10.
El‐Sohby, M. A., and Andrawes, K. Z. (1972). “Deformation characteristics of granular materials under hydrostatic compression.” Can. Geotech. J., 9(4), 338–350.
11.
Feda, J. (1984). “ of sand in triaxial apparatus.” J. Geotech. Engrg., ASCE, 110(4), 519–524.
12.
Goddard, J. D. (1990). “Nonlinear elasticity and pressure‐dependent wave speeds in granular media.” Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, London, England, 430, 105–131.
13.
Hardin, B. O., and Richart, F. E. Jr. (1963). “Elastic wave velocities in granular soils.” J. Soil Mech. and Found. Engrg. Div., ASCE, 89(1), 33–65.
14.
Hardin, B. O., and Black, W. L. (1968). “Vibration modulus of normally consolidated clay.” J. Soil Mech. and Found. Engrg. Div., ASCE, 94(2), 353–379.
15.
Hardin, B. O. (1978). “The nature of stress—strain behavior for soils.” Conf. on Earth. Engrg. and Soil Dyn., ASCE, 3–90.
16.
Hardin, B. O. (1987). “1‐D strain in normally consolidated cohesionless soils.” J. Geotech. Engrg., ASCE, 113(12), 1449–1467.
17.
Hardin, B. O., and Blandford, G. E. (1989). “Elasticity of particulate materials.” J. Geotech. Engrg., ASCE, 115(6), 788–805.
18.
Hendron, A. J. Jr. (1963). “The energy absorption capacity of granular materials in one‐dimensional compression.” Rep. No. AFSWC‐TDR‐62‐91, Dept. of Civil Engineering, Univ. of Illinois, Urbana, Ill.
19.
Iwasaki, T., and Tatsuoka, F. (1977). “Effects of grain size and grading on dynamic shear moduli of sands.” Soils and Found., 17(3), 19–35.
20.
Jaky, J. (1944). “The coefficient of Earth pressure at rest.” Journal for Society of Hungarian Architects and Engineers, Budapest, Hungary, (Oct.), 355–358.
21.
Ko, H.‐Y., and Scott, R. F. (1967). “Deformation of sand in hydrostatic compression.” J. Soil Mech. and Found. Div., ASCE, 93(3), 137–156.
22.
Lambrechts, J. R., and Leonards, G. A. (1978). “Effects of stress history on deformation of sand.” J. Geotech. Engrg. Div., ASCE, 104(11), 1371–1387.
23.
Mayne, P. W., and Kulhawy, F. H. (1982). “ relationships in soil.” J. Geotech. Engrg. Div., ASCE, 108(6), 851–872.
24.
Petrakis, E., and Dobry, R. (1986). “A self consistent estimate of the elastic constants of a random array of equal spheres with application to granular soil under isotropic conditions.” Rep. No. CE‐86‐04, Rensselaer Polytechnic Inst., Troy, N.Y.
25.
Schmidt, B. (1966). Discussion of “Earth pressures at rest related to stress history,” by Elmer W. Brooker and Herbert Ireland, Can. Geotech. J., 3(4), 239–242.
26.
Schultze, E., and Moussa, A. (1961). “Factors affecting the compressibility of sand.” Proc. 5th Int. Conf. on Soil Mech. and Found. Engrg., ASCE, 1, 335–340.
27.
Stokoe, K. H., Lee, S. H. H., and Knox, D. P. (1985). “Shear moduli measurements under true triaxial stresses.” Proc., Adv. in Art of Testing Soils under Cyclic Conditions, ASCE, 166–185.
28.
Tatsuoka, F., Iwasaki, T., Fukushima, S., and Sudo, H. (1979). “Stress conditions and stress histories affecting shear modulus and damping of sand under cyclic loading.” Soils and Found., 19(2), 29–43.
29.
Thomann, T. G., and Hryciw, R. D. (1990). “Laboratory measurement of small strain shear modulus under conditions.” Geotech. Testing J. ASTM, 13(2), 97–105.
30.
Yu, P., and Richart, F. E. Jr. (1984). “Stress ratio effects on shear modulus of dry sands.” J. Geotech. Engrg., ASCE, 110(3), 331–345.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Geotechnical Engineering
Volume 119 • Issue 7 • July 1993
Pages: 1073 - 1093
Copyright
Copyright © 1993 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Apr 16, 1990
Published online: Jul 1, 1993
Published in print: Jul 1993
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.