Finite Element Analyses of HDR‐4 Excavation
Publication: Journal of Geotechnical Engineering
Volume 117, Issue 10
Abstract
Simulations of construction of a 40‐ft‐deep braced excavation in saturated clays in Chicago have been made using a coupled finite element formulation. Surface and subsurface ground movements, pore water pressures, and sheet‐pile deflections are measured throughout construction at the site and are compared to results of the simulations at key stages of the excavation. The finite element simulations closely modeled all phases of construction including sheet‐pile installation and the actual duration of construction. Computed sheet‐pile deformations agreed quite well with those observed throughout all stages of excavation and bracing. Soil deformations, ground surface settlements, and pore pressures agreed reasonably well with observations until an incipient shear surface developed within the soil mass as the unsupported height of the wall reached as much as 19 ft. Parametric studies assess the importance of modeling the sheet‐pile installation, the effects of different types of assumed constitutive responses, the impacts of assumed boundary conditions, and importance of closely modeling the actual construction process. The importance of the available resistance of the soil on the passive side of the excavation in controlling ground movements is demonstrated. Anisotropy is a factor that must be considered when evaluating potential ground movements associated with a proposed excavation through soft to medium clays.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
1.
Baker, C. N. (1985). “Soil testing and instrumentation for better drilled shaft foundations.” Proc. 1985 Structural Engrg. Chicago Lecture Series, ASCE, 74–93.
2.
Banerjee, P. K. and Yousif, N. B. (1986). “A plasticity model for the mechanical behavior of anisotropically consolidated clay.” Int. J. Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomech., 10(5), 521–541.
3.
Bazant, Z. P., Belytschko, T. B., and Chang, T. P. (1984). “Continuum theory for strain softening.” J. Engrg. Mech., ASCE, 110(12), 1666–1692.
4.
Duncan, J. M., Byrne, P., Wong, K. S., and Mabry, P. (1980). “Strength, stress‐strain and bulk modulus parameters for finite element analyses of stresses and movements in soil masses.” Report No. UCB/GT/80‐01, Univ. of California, Berkeley, Calif.
5.
Finno, R. J., Atmatzidis, D. K., and Nerby, S. M. (1988a). “Ground response to sheet‐pile installation in clay.” Proc. Second Int. Conference on Case Histories in Geotech. Engrg., University of Missouri‐Rolla.
6.
Finno, R. J., Atmatzidis, D. K., and Perkins, S. B. (1989). “Observed performance of a deep excavation in clay.” J. Geotech. Engrg., ASCE, 115(8), 1045–1064.
7.
Finno, R. J., and Chung, C. K. (1991). “Stress‐strain‐strength response of compressible Chicago glacial clays.” submitted to the J. Geotech. Engrg., ASCE.
8.
Finno, R. J., Harahap, I. S., and Sabatini, P. S. (1991). “Analyses of braced excavations based upon coupled finite element formulations; Part 2: Parametric studies.” accepted for publication Comp. and Geotech.
9.
Finno, R. J., and Nerby, S. M. (1989). “Saturated clay response during braced cut construction.” J. Geotech. Engrg., ASCE, 115(8), 1065–1084.
10.
Finno, R. J., Nerby, S. M., and Perkins, S. B. (1988b). “Soil parameters implied by braced cut observations.” Proc., Symp. on Soil Properties Evaluation from Centrifugal Models and Field Performance, ASCE, 71–87.
11.
Harahap, I. S. (1990). “Numerical evaluation of the performance of the HDR‐4 excavation,” thesis presented to Northwestern University, at Evanston, Illinois, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy.
12.
Mana, A. I. (1978). “Finite element analyses of deep excavation behavior in soft clay.” Technical Report No. CE‐227, Stanford Univ., Stanford, Calif.
13.
Mana, A. I. and Clough, G. W. (1981). “Prediction of movements for braced cuts in clay.” J. Geotech. Engrg. Div., ASCE, 107(6), 759–778.
14.
Osaimi, A. E. and Clough, G. W. (1979). “Pore pressure dissipation during excavation.” J. Geotech. Engrg. Div., ASCE, 105(4), 481–498.
15.
Peck, R. B. (1969). “Deep excavations and tunneling in soft ground.” State‐of‐the‐Art Report, Proc. Seventh Int. Conference on Soil Mech. and Foundation Engrg., Mexico City, State‐of‐the‐Art Volume, 225–281.
16.
Peck, R. B., and Reed, W. C. (1954). “Engineering properties of Chicago subsoils.” Bulletin No. 423, Engrg. Experiment Station, Univ. of Illinois, Urbana, Ill.
17.
Prevost, J. H. and Hoeg, K. (1975). “Soil mechanics and plasticity analysis of strain softening.” Geotechnique, London, England, 25(2), 279–297.
18.
Roscoe, K. H. and Burland, J. B. (1968). “On the generalized stress‐strain behavior of ‘wet’ clay,” Engineering plasticity, Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, England, 535–609.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Geotechnical Engineering
Volume 117 • Issue 10 • October 1991
Pages: 1590 - 1609
Copyright
Copyright © 1991 ASCE.
History
Published online: Oct 1, 1991
Published in print: Oct 1991
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.