Geotechnical Investigations Offshore Hong Kong
Publication: Journal of Geotechnical Engineering
Volume 113, Issue 2
Abstract
A comprehensive site investigation was performed offshore the island of Chek Lap Kok as part of the civil engineering design studies for the proposed replacement airport at Hong Kong, The program included conventional drilling and sampling carried out from floating craft, as well as extensive in situ testing, including piezocone penetration, field vane shear, and permeability tests. The laboratory testing program incorporated ‐consolidated, undrained, triaxial compression, extension, and direct simple shear tests, as well as numerous more conventional tests. The thrust of the investigation was the determination of engineering characteristics for two extensive marine clay deposits that are considered critical to the performance of the proposed airport reclamation. One of these deposits, referred to as the upper marine clay, covers the entire offshore portion of the site. It is extremely soft and sensitive, with undrained shear strengths ranging from 3–12 kPa and sensitivities of about 10. The other deposit, referred to as lower marine clay, is medium stiff and overconsolidated, with in situ shear strengths in the range of 40–90 kPa. The results of the field and laboratory tests are synthesized to develop engineering properties appropriate for reclamation design. Correlations between the piezocone data and field vane shear tests are presented, as well as correlations of compressibility parameters with index properties. Normalized strength parameters for the two marine clays are also presented.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
1.
Anderson, A., and Bjerrum, L., “Discussion Contribution from Scandinavia, Vane Testing in Norway,” Proceedings, Symposium on Vane Shear Testing of Soils, American Society of Testing Materials, STP No. 143, 1956, pp. 54–60.
2.
Baligh, M. M., Azzouz, A. S., Wissa, A., Martin, R. T., and Morrison, M. J., “The Piezocone Penetrometer,” Proceedings, ASCE Specialty Conference on Cone Penetration Testing and Experience, St. Louis, Mo., 1981, pp. 247–263.
3.
Baligh, M. M., and Levadoux, J. N., “Pore Pressure Dissipation After Penetration,” MITSG 80‐S, Sea Grant Publication, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Mass., 1980.
4.
Bjerrum, L., “Embankments on Soft Ground,” State‐of‐the‐Art Report, Proceedings, ASCE Specialty Conference on Earth and Earth Supported Structures, Lafayette, Vol. 2, 1972, pp. 1–54.
5.
Bjerrum, L., and Landva, A., “Direct Simple Shear Tests on Norwegian Quick Clay,” Geotechnique, Vol. 16, No. 1, 1966, pp. 1–20.
6.
Campanella, R. G., and Vaid, Y. P., “A Simple Triaxial Cell,” Internal Report No. 15, Soil Mechanics Series, Dept. of Civ. Engrg., University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C., Canada, 1971.
7.
de Ruiter, J., “Current Penetrometer Practice,” State‐of‐the‐Art Report, Proceedings, ASCE Specialty Conference on Cone Penetration Testing and Experience, St. Louis, Mo., 1981, pp. 1–48.
8.
de Ruiter, J., and Richards, A. F., “Marine Geotechnical Investigations, A Mature Technology,” State‐of‐the‐Art Report, Proceedings, ASCE Conference on Geotechnical Practice in Offshore Engineering, Austin, Tex., pp. 1–24.
9.
Foott, R., Koutsoftas, D. C., and Handfelt, L. D., “Test Fill at Chek Lap Kok, Hong Kong,” Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, ASCE, Vol. 113, No. 2, Feb., 1987, pp. 106–126.
10.
Handfelt, L. D., Koutsoftas, D. C., and Foott, R., “Instrumentation for Test Fill in Hong Kong,” Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, ASCE, Vol. 113, No. 2, Feb., 1987, pp. 127–146.
11.
Ladd, C. C., “Settlement Analyses of Cohesive Soils,” Research Report R71‐2, Dept. of Civ. Engrg., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Mass., 1971.
12.
Ladd, C. C., and Foott, R., “New Design Procedure for Stability of Soft Clays,” Journal of the Geotechnical Engineering Division, ASCE, Vol. 100, No. GT7, July, 1974, pp. 763–786.
13.
Ladd, C. C., Foott, R., Ishikara, K., Schlosser, F., and Poulos, H. G., “Stress‐Deformation and Strength Characteristics,” State‐of‐the‐Art Report, 9th International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, Tokyo, Japan, 1977, Vol. 3, pp. 421–494.
14.
Ladd, C. C., and Lambe, T. W., “The Strength of Undisturbed Clay Determined from Undrained Shear Strengths,” NRC‐ASTM Symposium on Laboratory Shear Testing of Soils, ASTM, STP No. 361, pp. 342–371.
15.
Lunne, T., and Kleven, A., “Role of CPT in North Sea Foundation Engineering,” Proceedings, ASCE Specialty Conference on Cone Penetration Testing and Experience, St. Louis, Mo., 1981, pp. 76–107.
16.
Marr, R. S., “Offshore Applications of the Cone Penetrometer,” Proceedings, ASCE Specialty Conference on Cone Penetration Testing and Experience, St. Louis, Mo., 1981, pp. 456–476.
17.
Mesri, G., “Coefficient of Secondary Compression,” Journal of the Soil Mechanics and Foundation Division, ASCE, Vol. 99, No. SM1, Jan., 1973, pp. 123–137.
18.
Mesri, G., “Implications of Compressibility Interrelationship,” Progress report to the National Science Foundation, University of Illinois, Urbana‐Champaign, Ill., 1981.
19.
Soil Mechanics Design Manual, NAVDOCKS, DM‐7‐1, Dept. of the Navy, Naval Facilities Engineering Command, Alexandria, Va., 1987.
20.
Wissa, A. E. Z., Martin, R. T., and Garlanger, J. E., “The Piezometer Probe,” Proceedings, ASCE Specialty Conference on In‐Situ Measurement of Soil Properties, Vol. 1, Raleigh, N.C., 1975, pp. 535–545.
21.
Yim, S. W. W., “Evidence for Quaternary Environmental Changes from Sea‐Floor Sediments in Hong Kong,” Proceedings of the Paleoenvironmental Conference of East Asia for the Mid‐Tertiary, Hong Kong, 1983.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Geotechnical Engineering
Volume 113 • Issue 2 • February 1987
Pages: 87 - 105
Copyright
Copyright © 1987 ASCE.
History
Published online: Feb 1, 1987
Published in print: Feb 1987
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.