Lateral Force‐Displacement Response of Buried Pipe
Publication: Journal of Geotechnical Engineering
Volume 111, Issue 9
Abstract
The results of an experimental program to assess the response of buried pipes to lateral ground movements are presented. The effects of pipe depth, soil density, pipe diameter, and pipe roughness are considered, and test results are compared with published analytical models and experimental data. The results indicate the need to consider vertical equilibrium in predicting the horizontal response of buried pipelines, and the data agree well with several analytical models that include this effect. Pipe surface roughness was found to have little effect on response. Soil density has a large effect on displacements required to mobilize the maximum force but a relatively small effect on the value of the residual force at large displacements for depths typical of transmission pipelines. The study concludes with a simplified design procedure for predicting pipeline response to lateral ground movements.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
1.
Akinmusuru, J. O., “Horizontally Loaded Vertical Plate Anchors in Sand,” Journal of the Geotechnical Engineering Division, ASCE, Vol. 104, No. GT2, Feb., 1978, pp. 283–286.
2.
Akinmusuru, J. O., closure to “Horizontally Loaded Vertical Plate Anchors in Sand,” Journal of the Geotechnical Engineering Division, ASCE, Vol. 105, No. GT11, Nov., 1979, pp. 1370–1371.
3.
Arnold, K. E., “Soil Movements and Their Effects on Pipelines in the Mississippi Delta Region,” thesis presented to Tulane University, at New Orleans, La., in 1967, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science.
4.
Audibert, J. M. E., and Nyman, K. J., “Soil Restraint Against Horizontal Motion of Pipes,” Journal of the Geotechnical Engineering Division, ASCE, Vol. 103, No. GT10, Oct., 1977, pp. 1119–1142.
5.
Audibert, J. M. E., Lai, N. W., and Bea, R. G., “Design of Pipelines to Resist Seafloor Instabilities and Hydrodynamic Forces,” presented at the Energy Technology Conference and Exhibition, held in Houston, Tex., Nov., 1978, 16 pp.
6.
Bea, R. G., and Aurora, R. P., “Design of Pipelines in Mudslide Areas,” Proceedings, 14th Offshore Technology Conference, Vol. 4, Houston, Tex., 1982, pp. 401–414.
7.
Das, B. M., and Seeley, G. R., “Load‐Displacement Relationship for Vertical Anchor Plates,” Journal of the Geotechnical Engineering Division, ASCE, Vol. 107, No. GT7, July, 1975, pp. 711–715.
8.
Dickin, E. A., and Leung, C. F., “Centrifugal Model Tests on Vertical Anchor Plates,” Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, ASCE, Vol. 109, No. 12, Dec., 1983, pp. 1503–1525.
9.
Dickin, E. A., and Leung, C. F., “Evaluation of Design Methods for Vertical Anchor Plates,” Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, ASCE, Vol. 111, No. 4, Apr., 1985, pp. 500–520.
10.
Hansen, J. B., “The Ultimate Resistance of Rigid Piles Against Transversal Forces,” Bulletin 12, Danish Geotechnical Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark, 1961, pp. 1–9.
11.
Hansen, J. B., discussion of “Hyperbolic Stress‐Strain Response: Cohesive Soils,” by R. L. Konder, Journal of the Soil Mechanics and Foundations Division, ASCE, Vol. 89, No. SM4, July, 1963, pp. 241–242.
12.
Kennedy, R. P., Chow, A. W., and Williamson, R. A., “Fault Movement Effects on Buried Oil Pipeline,” Journal of the Transportation Engineering Division, ASCE, Vol. 103, No. TE5, Sept., 1977, pp. 617–633.
13.
Kondner, R. L., “Hyperbolic Stress‐Strain Response: Cohesive Soils,” Journal of the Soil Mechanics and Foundations Division, ASCE, Vol. 89, No. SM1, Feb., 1963, pp. 115–143.
14.
Luscher, U., Thomas, H. P., and Maple, J. A., “Pipe‐Soil Interaction, Trans‐Alaska Pipeline,” Proceedings, 2nd ASCE Specialty Conference on Pipelines in Adverse Environments, Vol. 2, New Orleans, 1979, pp. 486–502.
15.
Maynard, T. R., and O'Rourke, T. D., “Soil Movements Effect on Adjacent Public Facilities,” presented at the ASCE Annual Meeting, San Francisco, Calif., Oct., 1977, (Preprint 3111).
16.
Neely, W. J., Stuart, J. G., and Graham, J., “Failure Load of Vertical Anchor Plates in Sand,” Journal of the Soil Mechanics and Foundations Division, ASCE, Vol. 99, No. SM9, Sept., 1973, pp. 669–685.
17.
Newmark, N. M., and Hall, W. J., “Pipeline Design to Resist Large Fault Displacement,” Proceedings, 1st U.S. National Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Ann Arbor, Mich., June, 1975, pp. 416–425.
18.
O'Rourke, T. D., and Tawfik, M. S., “Effects of Lateral Spreading on Buried Pipelines During the 1971 San Fernando Earthquake,” Proceedings, ASME Conference on Earthquake Behavior and Safety of Oil and Gas Storage Facilities, Buried Pipelines and Equipment, PVP‐Vol. 77, Portland, Oreg., June1983, pp. 124–132.
19.
O'Rourke, T. D., and Tratumann, C. H., “Buried Pipeline Response to Permanent Earthquake Ground Movements,” ASME, Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference, San Francisco, Calif., Aug. 12–15, 1980, (Preprint 80‐C2/PVP‐78).
20.
O'Rourke, T. D., and Trautmann, C. H., “Buried Pipeline Response to Tunneling Ground Movements,” Proceedings, Europipe 82, European Exhibition and Conference on the Construction and Maintenance of Pipelines, Basil, Switzerland, Jan., 1982, pp. 9–16.
21.
Ovesen, N. K., “Anchor Slab, Calculation Methods and Model Tests,” Bulletin 16, Danish Geotechnical Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark, 1964, 40 pp.
22.
Ovesen, N. K., and Strømann, H., “Design Method for Vertical Anchor Slabs in Sand,” Proceedings, Specialty Conference on Performance of Earth and Earth‐Supported Structures, Vol. 1, Lafayette, Ind., June, 1972, pp. 1481–1500.
23.
Rowe, R. K., and Davis, E. H., “The Behavior of Anchor Plates in Sand,” Geotechnique, Vol. 32, No. 1, Mar., 1982, pp. 25–41.
24.
Smith, J. E., “Deadman Anchorages in Sand,” Technical Report R‐199, U.S. Naval Civil Engineering Laboratory, Port Hueneme, Calif., 1962, 77 pp.
25.
Sokolovskii, V. V., Statics of Granular Media, Paragamon Press, Oxford, England, 1965, 270 pp.
26.
Thomas, H. O., discussion of “Soil Restraint Against Horizontal Motion of Pipes,” by J. M. E. Audibert and K. J. Nyman, Journal of the Geotechnical Engineering Division, ASCE, Vol. 10, No. GT9, Sept., 1978, pp. 1214–1216.
27.
Trautmann, C. H., and O'Rourke, T. D., “Behavior of Pipe in Dry Sand Under Lateral and Uplift Loading,” Geotechnical Engineering Report 83‐7, Cornell University, Ithaca, N.Y., 1983, 306 pp.
28.
Trautmann, C. H., O'Rourke, T. D., and Kulhawy, F. H., “Uplift Force‐Displacement Response of Buried Pipe,” Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, ASCE, Vol. 111, No. 9, Sept., 1985, pp. 1061–1076.
29.
Trautmann, C. H., Kulhawy, F. H., and O'Rourke, T. D., “Sand Density Measurements for Laboratory Studies,” Geotechnical Testing Journal, ASTM, in press.
30.
Vesic, A. J., “Breakout Resistance of Objects Embedded in Ocean Bottom,” Journal of the Soil Mechanics and Foundations Division, ASCE, Vol. 97, No. SM9, Sept., 1971, pp. 1183–1205.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Copyright
Copyright © 1985 ASCE.
History
Published online: Sep 1, 1985
Published in print: Sep 1985
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.