Scale Effects of Ultimate Pile Capacity
Publication: Journal of Geotechnical Engineering
Volume 109, Issue 6
Abstract
Methods of estimating the ultimate bearing capacity of piles in sand from the results of static cone and standard penetration tests are compared with the results of load tests on driven and bored piles of different sizes and embedment ratios in the sand bearing stratum. An empirical reduction factor of the ultimate unit point resistance in sand is established, which decreases with greater pile base diameter and with greater average static cone or standard penetration resistance near the pile point. Similarly, for piles in stiff fissured clay an empirical reduction factor of the undrained shear strength is established, which decreases with greater pile base diameter and is greater for driven than for bored piles. The ultimate unit skin friction of piles in a given sand or clay is practically independent of the pile diameter.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
1.
Begemann, H. K., “The Dutch Static Penetration Test with the Adhesion Jacket Cone,” Publ., LGM Laboratory of Grondmechanica, Delft, No. 13, 1969, pp. 1–86.
2.
De Beer, E. E., Etude des Fondation sur Pilotis et des Fondations Directes, Annales Travaux Publics Belgiques, Vol. 46, 1945, pp. 229–307.
3.
De Beer, E. E., Methodes de Déduction de la Capacité Portante D'un Pieux à Partir des Résudtats des Essais de Pénétration, Annales Travaux Publics Belgiques, Vol. 72, 1971, pp. 1–142.
4.
De Beer, E. E., “The Scale Effect in the Transposition of the Results of Deep‐Sounding Tests on the Ultimate Bearing Capacity of Piles and Caisson Foundations,” Geotechnique, Vol. 13, 1963, pp. 39–75.
5.
De Beer, E. E., “Some Considerations Concerning the Point Bearing Capacity of Bored Piles,” Proceedings, Symposium Bearing Capacity of Piles, Roorkee, India, 1964, pp. 178–204.
6.
De Beer, E. E., et al. “Bearing Capacity of Displacement Piles in Stiff Fissured Clays,” Comptes Rendues Recherche IRSIA, Brussels, No. 39, 1977, pp. 1–136.
7.
De Beer, E. E., et al. “Analysis of the Results of Loading Tests Performed on Displacement Piles of Different Types and Sizes Penetrating a Relatively Small Depth into a Very Dense Sand Layer,” Proceedings of the Conference on Piles, Institution Civil Engineers, London, 1979, pp. 139–151.
8.
Franke, E., “The Dependence of Point Pressure on Diameter, Length and Settlement of Piles in Sand and Some Practical Consequences,” Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Soil Mechanics, Stockholm, Vol. 2, 1981, pp. 717–722.
9.
Franke, E., and Garbrecht, D., Drei Serien von Probebelastungen and Grossbohrpfählen in Sand, Mitteilung Bundesanstalt für Wasserbau, Karlsruhe, No. 41, 1977, pp. 47–77.
10.
Huizinga, T. K., “Application of Results of Deep Penetration Tests to Foundation Piles,” Proceedings of the Building Research Congress, London, Vol. 1, 1951, pp. 173–179.
11.
Ishihara, K., et al., “Blast Furnace Foundations in Japan,” Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Soil Mechanics, Case History Vol., Tokyo, 1977, pp. 157–236
12.
Kerisel, J., “Foundations Profondes en Milieux Sableau,” Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Soil Mechanics, Paris, Vol. 2, 1961, pp. 73–83.
13.
Kerisel, J., and Adam, M., “Charges Limites D'un Pieu en Milieu Argileux et Limoneux,” Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Soil Mechanics, Mexico, Vol. 2, 1969, pp. 131–139.
14.
Ladanyi, B., “Bearing Capacity of Deep Footings in Sensitive Clays,” Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Soil Mechanics, Moscow, Vol. 2.1, 1973, pp. 159–166.
15.
Marsland, A., “The Shear Strength of Stiff Fissured Clays,” Proceedings, Roscoe Memorial Symposium, Cambridge, England, pp. 59–68.
16.
Menzenbach, E., “The Determination of the Permissible Point Load of Piles by Means of Static Penetration Tests,” Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Soil Mechanics, Paris, Vol. 2, 1961, pp. 99–104.
17.
Meyerhof, G. G., “Bearing Capacity and Settlement of Pile Foundations,” Journal of the Geotechnical Engineering Division, ASCE, Vol. 102, 1976, pp. 195–228.
18.
Meyerhof, G. G., “Compaction of Sands and Bearing Capacity of Piles,” Journal of the Soil Mechanics and Foundations Division, ASCE, Vol. 85, 1959, pp. 1–30.
19.
Meyerhof, G. G., “Penetrations Tests and Bearing Capacity of Cohesionless Soils,” Journal of the Soil Mechanics and Foundations Division, ASCE, Vol. 82, 1956, pp. 866–1019.
20.
Meyerhof, G. G., “The Ultimate Bearing Capacity of Foundations,” Geotechnique, Vol. 2, 1951, pp. 301–332.
21.
Meyerhof, G. G., and Valsangkar, A. J., “Bearing Capacity of Foundations in Layered Soils,” Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Soil Mechanics, Tokyo, Vol. 2, 1977, pp. 645–650.
22.
Reese, L. C., “Design and Construction of Drilled Shafts,” Journal of the Geotechnical Engineering Division, ASCE, Vol. 104, 1978, pp. 95–116.
23.
Rollberg, D., “Bestimmung des Verhaltens von Pfählen aus Sondier‐und Rammergebnissen,” Forschbericht, Technical University, Aachen, No. FBG 4, 1978, pp. 1–566.
24.
Roy, M., Michaud, D., and Tavenas, F. A., “The Interpretation of Static Cone Penetration Tests in Sensitive Clays,” Proceedings, European Symposium Penetration Testing, Stockholm, Vol. 2.2, 1974, pp. 323–330.
25.
Sanglerat, G., The Penetrometer and Soil Exploration, Elsevier, New York, N.Y., 1972.
26.
Skempton, A. W., “The Bearing Capacity of Clays,” Proceedings, Building Research Congress, London, England, Vol. 1, 1951, pp. 180–189.
27.
Skempton, A. W., “Summing Up,” Proceedings, Symposium on Large Bored Piles, Institution of Civil Engineers, London, England, 1966, pp. 155–157.
28.
Tejchman, A., “Analysis of Safety Factors of Bearing Capacity for Large Diameter Piles,” Proceedings of the 7th European Conference Soil Mechanics, Brighton, England, Vol. 1, 1979, pp. 293–296.
29.
Vesic, A. S., “A Study of Bearing Capacity of Deep Foundations,” Report B‐189, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Ga., 1967.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Geotechnical Engineering
Volume 109 • Issue 6 • June 1983
Pages: 797 - 806
Copyright
Copyright © 1983 ASCE.
History
Published online: Jun 1, 1983
Published in print: Jun 1983
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.