Probabilistic Pore Pressure Analysis for Seismic Loading
Publication: Journal of Geotechnical Engineering
Volume 109, Issue 4
Abstract
TWO probabilistic models are proposed to study the development of pore pressure in saturated sands under random loading. The first of these is based on laboratory data, while the second uses an analytically based effective stress technique. Both incorporate uncertainties in soil parameters, laboratory data, and earthquake loading parameters, and compute the cumulative distribution function of pore pressure at the end of any cycle of loading. The two models are cast into a methodology which evaluates the probability of developing a certain level of pore pressure over a given time frame under a specified probability of seismic loading. They allow probabilities to be defined as to the generation of any pore pressure ratio from 0 to 1. They are suited to assess the relative effects of soil resistance, seismic environment, and geotechnical uncertainty. Limitations in application of the methods lie primarily in definition of soil and seismological parameters; however, future basic research should help to resolve this problem.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
1.
Ang, A. H. S., and Tang, W. H., Probability Concepts in Engineering Planning and Design, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York, N.Y., 1975.
2.
Bazant, Z. P., and Krizek, R. J., “Endochronic Constitutive Law for Liquefaction and Sand,” Journal of the Engineering Mechanics Division, ASCE, Vol. 102, No. EM2, Apr., 1976, p. 225.
3.
Benjamin, J. R., and Cornell, C. A., Probability, Statistics and Decision for Civil Engineers, McGraw‐Hill Book Co., Inc., New York, N.Y., 1970.
4.
Castro, G., “Liquefaction and Cyclic Mobility of Saturated Sands,” Journal of the Geotechnical Engineering Division, ASCE, Vol. 101, No. GT6, 1975, p. 551.
5.
Chameau, J. L., “Probabilistic and Hazard Analysis for Pore Pressure Increase in Soils Due to Seismic Loading,” dissertation, presented to Stanford University, at Stanford, Calif., in 1980, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy.
6.
Christian, J. T., and Swiger, W. F., “Statistics of Liquefaction and SPT Results,” Journal of the Geotechnical Engineering Division, ASCE, Vol. 101, No. GT11, Nov., 1975, p. 1135.
7.
Clough, G. W., and Chameau, J. L., “A Study of the Behavior of the San Francisco Waterfront Fills Under Seismic Loading,” Report No. 35, The John A. Blume Earthquake Engineering Center, Stanford, Calif., Feb., 1979.
8.
Cornell, C. A., “Engineering Seismic Risk Analysis,” Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, Vol. 58, No. 5, 1968.
9.
De Alba, P., Seed, H. B., and Chan, C. K., “Sand Liquefaction in Large Scale Simple Shear Tests,” Journal of the Geotechnical Engineering Division, ASCE, Vol. 102, No. GT9, Sept., 1976, p. 909.
10.
Donovan, N. C., “A Stochastic Approach to the Seismic Liquefaction Problem,” First National Conference on Applications of Statistics and Probability to Soil and Structural Engineering, Hong Kong, Sept., 1971.
11.
Fardis, M. W., and Veneziano, D., “Probabilistic Liquefaction of Sands During Earthquakes,” Report R79‐14, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Mar., 1979.
12.
Ferrito, J. M., Forrest, J. B., and Wu, G., “A Compilation of Cyclic Triaxial Liquefaction Test Data,” Geotechnical Testing Journal, Vol. 2, No. 2, June, 1979.
13.
Finn, W. D. L., Lee, K. W., and Martin, G. R., “An Effective Stress Model for Liquefaction,” Journal of the Geotechnical Engineering Division, ASCE, Vol. 103, No. GT6, June, 1977.
14.
Haldar, A., and Tang, W. H., “Probabilistic Evaluation of Liquefaction Potential,” Journal of the Geotechnical Engineering Division, ASCE, Vol. 105, No. GT2, Feb., 1979, p. 145.
15.
Harr, M. E., Mechanics of Particulate Media, A Probabilistic Approach,” McGraw‐ Hill Book Co., Inc., New York, N.Y., 1977.
16.
Liou, C. P., Streeter, V. L., and Richart, F. E., “Numerical Model for Liquefaction,” Journal of the Geotechnical Engineering Division, ASCE, Vol. 103, No. GT6, June, 1977, p. 589.
17.
Lumb, P., “Application of Statistics in Soil Mechanics,” Soil Mechanics‐New Horizons, Elsevier, New York, N.Y., 1974.
18.
Martin, G. R., Finn, W. D. L., and Seed, H. B., “Fundamentals of Liquefaction under Cyclic Loading,” Journal of Geotechnical Engineering Division, ASCE, Vol. 100, No. GT5, May, 1974,.p. 423.
19.
Mortgat, C. P., “A Probabilistic Definition of Effective Acceleration,” Proceedings of the 2nd National Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Stanford, Aug., 1979.
20.
Seed, H. B., and Idriss, I. M., “Simplified Procedure for Evaluating Soil Liquefaction Potential,” Journal of the Soil Mechanics and Foundation Division, ASCE, Vol. 97, No. SM9, Sept., 1971, p. 1249.
21.
Seed, H. B., Martin, P. P., and Lysmer, J., “Pore Water Pressures during Soil Liquefaction,” Journal of the Geotechnical Engineering Division, ASCE, Vol. 102, No. GT4, Apr., 1976, p. 323.
22.
Seed, H. B., “Soil Liquefaction and Cyclic Mobility Evaluation for Level Ground during Earthquakes,” Journal of the Geotechnical Engineering Division, ASCE, Vol. 105, No. GT2, Feb., 1979, p. 201.
23.
Sherif, M. A., and Ishibashi, I., “Prediction of Soil Liquefaction Potential during Earthquakes,” Proceedings of the 2nd National Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Stanford, Aug., 1979.
24.
Valera, J. E., and Donovan, N. C., “Soil Liquefaction Procedures—A Review,” Journal of the Geotechnical Engineering Division, ASCE, Vol. 101, No. GT6, June, 1977, p. 143.
25.
Vanmarcke, E. H., “Structural Response to Earthquakes,” Chapter 8, Seismic Risk and Engineering Decisions, C. Lorrmitz, and E. Rosenblueth, Elsevier, New York, N.Y., 1976.
26.
Yegian, M. K., and Whitman, R. V., “Risk Analysis for Ground Failure by Liquefaction,” Journal of the Geotechnical Engineering Division, ASCE, Vol. 104, No. GT7, July, 1978, p. 144.
27.
Youd, T. L., and Hoose, S. N., “Liquefaction during 1906 San Francisco Earthquake,” Journal of the Geotechnical Engineering Division, ASCE, Vol. 102, No. GT5, May, 1976.
28.
Zienkiewicz, O. C., Chang, C. T., and Hinton, S. N., “Non‐linear Seismic Response and Liquefaction,” International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geometry, Vol. 2, 1978.
29.
Zsutty, T., and De Herrera, M., “A Statistical Analysis of Accelerogram Based upon the Exponential Distribution Model,” Prodeedings, of the 2nd National Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Stanford, Aug., 1979.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Copyright
Copyright © 1983 ASCE.
History
Published online: Apr 1, 1983
Published in print: Apr 1983
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.