TECHNICAL PAPERS
Oct 1, 1983

Effect of Creep on Shear Modulus of Clays

Publication: Journal of Geotechnical Engineering
Volume 109, Issue 10

Abstract

An experimental study using resonant column tests determined the effects of drained shearing creep on the low‐amplitude shear modulus, GO, of three cohesive soils. The soils tested were a remolded kaolinite clay, a slurry consolidated clay and a natural “undisturbed” silty clay. It was found that in normally consolidated clays during the first stages of creep, characterized by fast rates of deformation, the value of GO is reduced significantly. The reduction was more pronounced for the higher stress levels. For the low rates of deformation characterizing the later stages of creep GO not only regains the initial loss but eventually exceeds the pre‐creep value. In over consolidated clays the initial drop of GO is not recovered although the value of GO is increasing slowly with time. It was also found that a temporary release of the confining pressure from a clay specimen may enhance the effects of previous creep on this specimen.

Get full access to this article

View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.

References

1.
Anderson, D. G., and Woods, R. D., “Time‐Dependent Increase in Shear Modulus of Clay,” Journal of the Geotechnical Engineering Division, ASCE, Vol. 102, No. GT5, May, 1976, pp. 525–537.
2.
Anderson, D. G., and Stokoe, K. H., II, “Shear Modulus: A Time‐Dependent Soil Property,” Dynamic Geotechnical Testing, ASTM STP 654, 1978, pp. 66–90.
3.
Athanasopoulos, G. A., “Time Effects on Low‐Amplitude Shear Modulus of Cohesive Soils,” thesis presented to the University of Michigan, at Ann Arbor, Mich., in 1981, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy.
4.
Athanasopoulos, G. A., and Richart, F. E., Jr., “Creep Effects on Low‐Amplitude Modulus of Clays,” Proceedings, International Conference on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics, St. Louis, Mo., Apr. 26–May 2, 1981, Vol. 1, pp.27–32.
5.
Bea, R. G., discussion of “Friction and Cohesion of Saturated Clays,” by T. H. Wu, A. G. Douglas, and P. D. Goughmour, Journal of the Soil Mechanics and Foundation Division, ASCE, Vol. 89, No. SMI, 1963, pp. 268–277.
6.
Buisman, A. S. K., “Results of Long Duration Settlement Tests,” Proceedings, 1st International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, Cambridge, Mass., 1936, Vol. 1, paper F‐7.
7.
Campanella, R. G., and Vaid, Y. P., “Triaxial and Plane Strain Creep Rupture of an Undisturbed Clay,” Canadian Geotechnical Journal, Vol. 11, 1974, No. 1, pp. 1–10.
8.
Collin, A., “Recherches Experimentales sur les Glissements Spontanes des Terrains Argileux,” Carilian‐Goeury et Vor Dalmont, editors, Paris, 1846 (translated by Shriever, University of Toronto Press, 1956.
9.
Glasstone, S., Laidler, K., and Eyring, H., The Theory of Rate Process, McGraw‐Hill Book Co., Inc., New York, N.Y., 1941.
10.
Hardin, B. O., “The Nature of Stress‐Strain Behavior for Soils,” Proceedings, ASCE, GED Specialty Conference on Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics, Pasadena, Calif., June, 1978, Vol. 1, pp. 1–90.
11.
Hardin, B. O., and Black, W. L., “Vibration Modulus of Normally Consolidated Clay,” Journal of the Soil Mechanics and Foundation Division, ASCE, Vol. 94, No. SM2, Mar., 1968, pp. 353–369.
12.
Hardin, B. O., and Music, J., “Apparatus for Vibration of Soil Specimens During the Triaxial Test,” Symposium on Instrumentation and Apparatus for Soils and Rocks, ASTM STP 392, 1965, pp. 55–74.
13.
Kavazanjian, E., Jr., and Mitchell, J. K., “Time Dependent Deformation Behavior of Clays,” Journal of the Geotechnical Engineering Division, ASCE, Vol. 106, No. GT6, June, 1980, pp. 611–630.
14.
Kirkpatrick, W. M., and Rennie, I. A., “Directional Properties of Consolidated Kaolin,” Geotechnique 22, No. 1, 1972, pp. 166–169.
15.
Komamura, F., and Huang, R. J., “A New Rheological Model for Soil Behavior,” Journal of the Geotechnical Engineering Division, ASCE, Vol. 100, No. GT7, July, 1974, pp. 807–824.
16.
Krizek, R. J., Chawla, K. S., and Edil, T. B., “Directional Creep Response of Anisotropic Clays,” Geotechnique 27, No. 1, 1977, pp. 37–51.
17.
Krizek, R. J. Edil, T. B., and Ozaydin, I. K., “Preparation and Identification of Clay Samples with Controlled Fabric,” Engineering Geology 9, 1975, pp. 13–38.
18.
Matlock, H., Jr., Fenske, C. W., and Dawson, R. F., “De‐aired Extruded Soil Specimens for Research and for Evaluation of Test Procedures,” ASTM Bulletin No. 177, Oct., 1951, pp. 51–55.
19.
McConnachie, I., “Fabric Changes in Consolidated Kaolin,” Geotechnique 24, No. 2, 1974, pp. 207–222.
20.
Mesri, G., and Goldewski, P. M., “Time and Stress‐Compressibility Interrelationship,” Journal of the Geotechnical Engineering Division, ASCE, Vol. 103, No. GT5, May, 1977, pp. 417–430.
21.
Mitchell, J. K., Fundamentals of Soil Behavior, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York, N.Y., 1976, 422 pp.
22.
Mitchell, R. J., “Some Deviations from Isotropy in a Lightly Overconsolidated Clay,” Geotechnique 22, No. 3, 1972, pp. 459–467.
23.
Murayama, S., and Shibata, T., “On the Rheological Characteristics of Clays,” Part I, Bulletin No. 26, Disaster Prevention Research Institute, Kyoto, Japan, 1958.
24.
Nelson, J. D., and Thompson, E. G., “A Theory of Creep Failure in Overconsolidated Clay,” Journal of the Geotechnical Engineering Division, ASCE, Vol. 103, No. GT11, Nov., 1977, pp. 1281–1294.
25.
Parry, R. H. G., and Nadarajah, V., “Observations on Laboratory Prepared Lightly Overconsolidated Specimens of Kaolin,” Geotechnique 24, No. 3, 1974, pp. 345–358.
26.
Richart, F. E., Jr., “Some Effects of Dynamic Soil Properties on Soil Structure Interaction,” Journal of the Geotechnical Engineering Division, ASCE, Vol. 101, No. GT12, Dec., 1975, pp. 1197–1240.
27.
Richart, F. E., Jr., Hall, J. R., Jr., and Woods, R. D Vibrations of Soils and Foundations, Prentice‐Hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, N.J., 1970.
28.
Schmertmann, J. H., discussion of “Interpretation of the Consolidation Test,” by Crawford, C. B., Journal of the Soil Mechanics and Foundations Division, ASCE, Vol. 91, No. SM2, Part 1, 1965, pp. 131–135.
29.
Schmertmann, J. H., “The Shear Behavior of Soil with Constant Structure,” Laurits Bjerrum Memorial Volume, NGJ, Oslo, Norway (edited by N. Janbu, F. Jorstad, and B. Kjaernsli), 1976, pp. 65–98. 1230
30.
Schmertmann, J. H., and Osterberg, J. O., “An Experimental Study of the Development of Cohesion and Friction with Axial Strain in Saturated Cohesive Soils,” presented at the June 1960 ASCE Research Conference on Shear Strength of Cohesive Soils, held at the University of Colorado, Boulder, Colo., June, 1960.
31.
Shibata, T., and Karube, D., “Creep Rate and Creep Strength of Clays,” Proceedings, 7th International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, Mexico City, Mexico, 1969, Vol. 1, pp. 361–367.
32.
Tavenas, F., Leroueil, S., LaRochelle, P. O., and Roy, M., “Creep Behavior of an Undisturbed Lightly Overconsolidated Clay,” Canadian Geotechnical Journal, Vol. 15, 1978, pp. 402–423.
33.
Vaid, Y. P., and Campanella, R. G.“Time‐Dependent Behavior of Undisturbed Clay,” Journal of the Geotechnical Engineering Division, ASCE, Vol. 103, No. GT7, July, 1977, pp. 693–709.
34.
Vialov, S. S., Zaretsky, Jy, K., Maximyak, R. V., and Pekourskaya, N. K., “Kinetics of Structural Deformations and Failure of Clays,” Proceedings 8th International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, Moscow, USSR, 1973, Vol. 1, pp. 459–464.
35.
Walker, L. K., “Secondary Compression in the Shear of Clays,” Journal of the Soil Mechanics and Foundations Division, ASCE, Vol. 95, No. SMI, Jan., 1969, pp. 167–188.
36.
Woods, R. D., “Measurement of Dynamic Soil Properties,” Proceedings, ASCE, GED Specialty Conference on Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics, Pasadena, Calif., June, 1978, Vol. 1, pp. 91–178.

Information & Authors

Information

Published In

Go to Journal of Geotechnical Engineering
Journal of Geotechnical Engineering
Volume 109Issue 10October 1983
Pages: 1217 - 1232

History

Published online: Oct 1, 1983
Published in print: Oct 1983

Permissions

Request permissions for this article.

Authors

Affiliations

G. A. Athanasopoulos
Lect. in Soil Mechanics, School of Engrg., Univ. of Patras, Patras, Greece
F. E. Richart, Jr., F. ASCE
W. J. Emmons Prof. of Civ. Engrg., Univ. of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich. 48109

Metrics & Citations

Metrics

Citations

Download citation

If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.

Cited by

View Options

Get Access

Access content

Please select your options to get access

Log in/Register Log in via your institution (Shibboleth)
ASCE Members: Please log in to see member pricing

Purchase

Save for later Information on ASCE Library Cards
ASCE Library Cards let you download journal articles, proceedings papers, and available book chapters across the entire ASCE Library platform. ASCE Library Cards remain active for 24 months or until all downloads are used. Note: This content will be debited as one download at time of checkout.

Terms of Use: ASCE Library Cards are for individual, personal use only. Reselling, republishing, or forwarding the materials to libraries or reading rooms is prohibited.
ASCE Library Card (5 downloads)
$105.00
Add to cart
ASCE Library Card (20 downloads)
$280.00
Add to cart
Buy Single Article
$35.00
Add to cart

Get Access

Access content

Please select your options to get access

Log in/Register Log in via your institution (Shibboleth)
ASCE Members: Please log in to see member pricing

Purchase

Save for later Information on ASCE Library Cards
ASCE Library Cards let you download journal articles, proceedings papers, and available book chapters across the entire ASCE Library platform. ASCE Library Cards remain active for 24 months or until all downloads are used. Note: This content will be debited as one download at time of checkout.

Terms of Use: ASCE Library Cards are for individual, personal use only. Reselling, republishing, or forwarding the materials to libraries or reading rooms is prohibited.
ASCE Library Card (5 downloads)
$105.00
Add to cart
ASCE Library Card (20 downloads)
$280.00
Add to cart
Buy Single Article
$35.00
Add to cart

Media

Figures

Other

Tables

Share

Share

Copy the content Link

Share with email

Email a colleague

Share