Assessing Cancer Risks: From Statistical to Biological Models
Publication: Journal of Energy Engineering
Volume 116, Issue 3
Abstract
Chemical carcinogens act by a variety of biological mechanisms to increase the rates of cancer induction and cancer expression in animals or humans exposed to them. Despite this diversity, several unifying “biologically based” risk‐modeling approaches have been developed recently that can help to make more accurate and realistic quantitative assessments of cancer risks from exposure to chemicals. This paper summarizes the traditional linearized multistage (LMS) statistical model used in a majority of regulatory cancer risk assessments and then presents three more recent approaches—the Moolgavkar et al. two‐stage stochastic cancer model, physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling, and molecular epidemiology approaches—that are starting to change the ways in which cancer risks are assessed. These complementary approaches share an emphasis on incorporating more biology into risk assessment to obtain better risk estimates. They are starting to be integrated into a new paradigm for cancer risk analysis. This paper reviews and evaluates these approaches to biologically based cancer risk assessment and identifies several new directions for research.
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Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Energy Engineering
Volume 116 • Issue 3 • December 1990
Pages: 189 - 210
Copyright
Copyright © 1990 ASCE.
History
Published online: Dec 1, 1990
Published in print: Dec 1990
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