Spatially Averaged Turbulent Flow over Square Ribs
Publication: Journal of Engineering Mechanics
Volume 133, Issue 2
Abstract
A series of experiments was undertaken to assess fully rough turbulent subcritical flow over two-dimensional transverse repeated-rib roughness of varying spacing (roughness spacing/height ratio), with (roughness height/flow depth). Each of the 11 experiments involved centerline measurements of three-dimensional velocity vectors, water surface profiles, and bed pressures and forces. The structure of flow over rib roughness consists of a pair of principal vortices of opposite sign set up by the ribs. These vortices are superimposed on an overall double- (time and space)-averaged velocity profile that is (quasi-) logarithmic above roughness tops, and that below roughness tops changes with increasing rib spacing from exponential to linear to logarithmic . The measured double-averaged velocity profiles are parameterized herein, and double-averaged Reynolds and form-induced stress profiles and trends are also identified. Maximum drag due to wall roughness is found to occur for . The experimentally determined momentum balance, including effects of secondary currents and flow acceleration, is found to agree well with theoretical expectations. It is shown that the knowledge of the effects of form-induced stresses, secondary currents, and flow nonuniformity may be particularly important for describing and modeling flows over roughness elements.
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Acknowledgments
This research was partly funded by the Marsden Fund (UOA220) administered by the Royal Society of New Zealand. The writers are grateful to G. Kirby, J. Luo, R. Lau, L. Lou, and S. Blackbourn for assistance with the experimental work and analyses. The writers are further grateful to Dr. I. McEwan, Dr. D. Pokrajac, Dr. L. Campbell, Dr. G. Constantinescu, and Professor V. C. Patel for useful discussions.
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Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Engineering Mechanics
Volume 133 • Issue 2 • February 2007
Pages: 194 - 204
Copyright
© 2007 ASCE.
History
Received: May 3, 2005
Accepted: Apr 19, 2006
Published online: Feb 1, 2007
Published in print: Feb 2007
Notes
Note. Associate Editor: Robert J. Martinuzzi
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