Model Predictive Control of Structures under Earthquakes using Acceleration Feedback
Publication: Journal of Engineering Mechanics
Volume 128, Issue 5
Abstract
This paper presents a general formulation of the model predictive control (MPC) scheme with special reference to acceleration feedback in structural control under earthquakes. The MPC scheme is based on a prediction model of the system response to obtain the control action by minimizing an objective function. Optimization objectives include minimization of the difference between the predicted and desired response trajectories, and of the control effort subject to certain constraints. The effectiveness of MPC has been demonstrated to be equivalent to the optimal control. In this study, the prediction model is formulated using a feedback loop containing acceleration measurements from various locations in the structure. The state observer utilizes the Kalman-Bucy filter to estimate the states of the system from the acceleration feedback. Examples of single-story and three-story buildings equipped with control devices are used to demonstrate the effectiveness of the MPC scheme based on acceleration feedback. Both buildings are analyzed using an active tendon control device and an active mass damper (AMD). A two-story building with an AMD is used to experimentally validate the numerical control scheme. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the MPC scheme using acceleration feedback. The acceleration feedback framework developed in this paper should serve as a building block for future extensions of MPC in capturing and benefiting from the attractive features of MPC, i.e., computational expediency, real-time applications, intrinsic compensation for time delays, and treatment of constraints, for implementation in civil structures.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
Camacho, E. F., and Bordons, C. (1999). Model predictive control, Springer-Verlag, London.
Chung, L. L., Lin, R. C., Soong, T. T., and Reinhorn, A. M.(1989). “Experimental study of active control for MDOF seismic structures.” J. Eng. Mech., 115(8), 1609–1627.
Doyle, J. C., Glover, K., Khargonekar, P., and Francis, B.(1989). “State-space solutions to standard and control problems.” IEEE Trans. Autom. Control, 34, 831–847.
Dyke, S. J., Spencer, B. F., Quast, P., Sain, M. K., Kaspari, D. C., and Soong, T. T.(1996). “Acceleration feedback control of MDOF structures.” J. Eng. Mech., 122(9), 907–917.
Garcia, C. E., and Morari, M.(1982). “Internal model control. 1. A unifying review and some new results.” Ind. Eng. Chem. Process Des. Dev., 21, 308–323.
Housner, G. W., Bergman, L. A., Caughey, T. K., Chassiakos, A. G., Claus, R. O., Masri, S. F., Skelton, R. E., Soong, T. T., Spencer, B. F., and Yao, J. T. P.(1997). “Structural control: Past, present, and future.” J. Eng. Mech., 123(9), 897–971.
Juang, J. N. (1994). Applied system identification, Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, N.J.
Kailath, T. (1980). Linear systems, Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, N.J.
Kareem, A., Kijewski, T., and Tamura, Y.(1999). “Mitigation of motions of tall buildings with specific examples of recent applications.” Wind Struct. ,2(3), 201–251.
Kwon, W. H., and Byun, D. G.(1989). “Receding horizon tracking control as a predictive control and its stability properties.” Int. J. Control, 50(5), 1807–1824.
Lopez-Almansa, F., Andrade, R., Rodellar, J., and Reinhorn, A. M.(1994a). “Modal predictive control of structures I: Formulation.” J. Eng. Mech., 120(8), 1743–1760.
Lopez-Almansa, F., Andrade, R., Rodellar, J., and Reinhorn, A. M.(1994b). “Modal predictive control of structures II: Implementation.” J. Eng. Mech., 120(8), 1761–1772.
Mei, G., Kareem, A., and Kantor, J. C. (1998). “Real-time model predictive control of structures under earthquakes.” Proc., 2nd World Conf. on Structural Control, Kyoto, Japan, 1585–1594.
Mei, G., Kareem, A., and Kantor, J. C. (2000). “Model predictive control for wind excited buildings: A benchmark problem.” Proc., 14th Engineering Mechanics Conf., ASCE, New York.
Mei, G., Kareem, A., and Kantor, J. C.(2001). “Real-time model predictive control of structures under earthquakes.” Earthquake Eng. Struct. Dyn., 30, 995–1019.
Morari, M., Garcia, C. E., Lee, D. M., and Prett, D. M. (1994). Model predictive control, Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, N.J.
Morari, M., and Lee, J. H. (1991). “Model predictive control: The good, the bad, and the ugly.” Proc., 4th Int. Conf. on Chemical Process Control, AIChE, Padre Island, Tex., 17–22.
Qin, S. J., and Badgwell, T. J. (1996). “An overview of industrial model predictive control technology,” Proc., Chemical Process Control–V, AIChE Symposium Series 316, Vol. 93, CACHE and American Institute of Chemical Engineers, New York, 232–256.
Ricker, L.(1990). “Model predictive control with state estimation.” Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 29, 374–382.
Rodellar, J., Barbat, A. H., and Matin-Sanchez, J. M.(1987). “Predictive control of structures.” J. Eng. Mech., 113(6), 797–812.
Slotine, J. J. E.(1984). “Sliding controller design for nonlinear systems.” Int. J. Control, 40(2), 421–434.
Soong, T. T. (1990). Active structural control: Theory and practice, Longman Scientific and Technical, Essex, England.
Soong, T. T., and Dargush, G. F. (1997). Passive energy dissipation systems in structural engineering, Wiley, New York.
Spencer, B. F., Jr., Suhardjo, J., and Sain, M. K.(1994). “Frequency domain optimal control strategies for aseismic protection.” J. Eng. Mech., 120(1), 135–158.
Suhardjo, J., and Kareem, A. (1997). “Structural control of offshore platforms.” Proc., 7th Int. Offshore and Polar Engineering Conf. ISOPE-97, Honolulu.
Suhardjo, J., Spencer, B. F., Jr., and Kareem, A.(1992). “Frequency domain optimal control of wind-excited buildings.” J. Eng. Mech., 118(12), 2463–2481.
Utkin, V. I.(1977). “Variable structure systems with sliding modes.” IEEE Trans. Autom. Control, AC-22, 212–222.
Yang, J. N., Wu, J. C., Reinhorn, A. M., Riley, M., Schmitendorf, W. E., and Jabbari, F. (1994). “Experimental verifications of and sliding mode control for seismic-excited buildings.” Proc., 1st World Conf. on Structure Control, Pasadena, Calif., 63–72.
Zafiriou, E. (1991). “On the effect of tuning parameters and constraints on the robustness of model predictive controllers.” Proc., 4th Int. Conf. on Chemical Process Control, AIChE, Padre Island, Tex.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Engineering Mechanics
Volume 128 • Issue 5 • May 2002
Pages: 574 - 585
Copyright
Copyright © 2002 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Oct 18, 2000
Accepted: Jul 31, 2001
Published online: Apr 15, 2002
Published in print: May 2002
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.