Mechanical Behavior of Concrete under Physical-Chemical Attacks
Publication: Journal of Engineering Mechanics
Volume 124, Issue 10
Abstract
The analysis of the evolution of stress-strain states into reinforced concrete structures due to humidity and temperature changes and physical-chemical attacks by pollutant species is presented. Humidity and temperature affect both the process of cement hydration and the progress of shrinkage and creep, while thermal transients cause spatial variable thermal deformations. Moreover, aggressive species, which penetrate from the external environment into concrete via diffusive processes, might lead both to the reinforcement corrosion (i.e., carbonation phenomena and chlorides) and to the concrete damage producing expansive phenomena (i.e., sulfates and calcium chloride). Within the framework of a finite-element approach, the solution of the mechanical equilibrium of the elastic-damage continua, coupled with the diffusion processes of humidity, temperature, and chemical species, is carried out. Some examples are shown in order to demonstrate the reliability of the proposed approach in practical engineering problems.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
1.
Basheer, P. A. M., Montgomery, F. R., and Long, A. E. (1992). “In situ assessment of durability of concrete motorway bridges.”Durability of Concrete G. M. Idorn Int. Symp., American Concrete Institute, Detroit, Mich., 305–319.
2.
Bažant, Z. P. (1982). “Mathematical modeling of creep and shrinkage of concrete.”Creep and shrinkage in concrete structures, Z. P. Bažant and F. H. Wittmann, eds., John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, N.Y., 163–256.
3.
Bažant, Z. P., and Najjar, L. J.(1972). “Nonlinear water diffusion in nonsaturated concrete.”Mat. and Struct., Paris, France, 5(25), 3–20.
4.
Brieger, L., Roelfstra, P. E., and Wittmann, F. H. (1985). “Prediction of durability of concrete.”Symp., Cement and Concrete, CONFID.
5.
Brieger, L., and Wittmann, F. H. (1986). “Numerical simulation of carbonation of concrete.”Material and science restoration, Tech. Akad. Ess., Ostfildern.
6.
Creazza, G., Saetta, A., Scotta, R., Vitaliani, R., and E. (1995). “Mathematical simulation of structural damage in historical buildings.”Architectural studies, materials & analysis, Vol. 1, C. A. Brebbia and B. Leftheris, eds., Comp. Mech. Publ., Southampton, U.K., 111–118.
7.
Hashin, Z.(1983). “Analysis of composite materials: A survey.”J. Appl. Mech., 50, 481–505.
8.
Houst, Y., and Wittmann, F. H. (1989a). “Diffusion de gaz et durabilité du béton armé.”IABSE Symp., Durability of Struct., Vol. 57/2, IABSE/AIPC/IVBH, Lisbon, Portugal, 139–144.
9.
Houst, Y., and Wittmann, F. H. (1989b). “Retrait de carbonatation.”IABSE Symp., Durability of Struct., Vol. 57/2, IABSE/AIPC/IVBH, Lisbon, Portugal, 255–260.
10.
Kachanov, L. M. (1958). “Time of rupture process under creep conditions.”Izvestia Akademii Nauk, No. 8., 26–31 (in Russian).
11.
Monosi, S., Alverà, I., and Collepardi, M.(1989). “Chemical attack of calcium chloride on the Portland cement paste.”il Cemento, Milan, Italy, 2, 97–104.
12.
Olivier, J., Cervera, M., Oller, S., and Lubliner, J. (1990). “Isotropic damage models and smeared crack analysis of concrete.”Computer aided analysis and design of concrete structures, Vol. 2, N. Bicanic and H. Mang, eds., 945–957. E. (1994). “Reliability analysis of concrete structures. Numerical and experimental studies.”Seminar CIAS (Centro Internazionale di Aggiornamento Sperimentale e Scientifico), Evoluzione nella sperimentazione per le costruzioni, Merano, Italy, 125–146. E., et al. (1996). “Structural analysis and durability assessment of historical construction using a finite element damage model.”Publ. CIMNE No. 73, International Center for Numerical Methods in Engineering, Barcelona, Spain.
13.
Pijaudier-Cabot, G. (1995). “Nonlocal damage.”Continuum models for materials with microstructure, H. B. Muhlhous, ed., John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, N.Y.
14.
Pijaudier-Cabot, G., Mazars, J., and Pulikowski, J.(1991). “Steel-concrete bond analysis with nonlocal continuous damage.”J. Struct. Engrg., ASCE, 117(3), 862–882.
15.
Pirrello, M., and Rinelli, A. (1995). “Roadway connection between the island of Augusta (Siracuse, Sicily) and the mainland.”l'Industria Italiana del Cemento, Milan, Italy, No. 10, 530–543.
16.
Rosen, B. W.(1970). “Thermoelastic energy functions and minimum energy principles for composite materials.”Int. J. of Engrg. Sci., 8, 5–18.
17.
Saetta, A., Schrefler, B., and Vitaliani, R.(1993a). “The carbonation of concrete and the mechanism of moisture, heat and carbon dioxide flow through porous materials.”Cement and Concrete Res., 23(4), 761–772.
18.
Saetta, A., Scotta, R., and Vitaliani, R.(1993b). “The numerical analysis of chloride penetration in concrete.”ACI Mat. J., 90(5), 441–451.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Engineering Mechanics
Volume 124 • Issue 10 • October 1998
Pages: 1100 - 1109
Copyright
Copyright © 1998 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Published online: Oct 1, 1998
Published in print: Oct 1998
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.