Nonlinear Free‐Surface Flow in Oscillating Channel during Earthquakes
Publication: Journal of Engineering Mechanics
Volume 119, Issue 4
Abstract
The nonlinear free‐surface flow in an infinitely long channel during earthquakes is analyzed by the boundary element method. The solution is obtained by a distribution of simple Rankine‐type singularities on the walls of the channel and on the undisturbed free surface. The fluid in the channel is assumed to be inviscid and incompressible, and its motion irrotational. Unsteady velocity potential is determined with second‐order nonlinear boundary conditions applied on the free surface. The time‐marching procedure is introduced to solve for the transient stage after an earthquake takes place. The channel is assumed to be rigid during an earthquake, and the amplitude of the channel oscillation and the free‐surface elevation are assumed to be small such that the free‐surface boundary conditions are represented by Taylor‐series expansions about the mean water surface. An overview is given for the present approach, and numerical results are presented for two‐dimensional flows due to horizontal, harmonic ground accelerations, including comparisons between linear and nonlinear solutions.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
1.
Chan, K. C., and Chan, W. K. (1980).“Numerical solution of transient and steady free‐surface flows about a ship of general hull shape.” Proc. of 13th Symp. on Naval Hydrodynamics, 257–276.
2.
Chwang, A. T. (1978). “Hydrodynamic pressures on sloping dams during earthquakes. Part 2: Exact theory.” J. Fluid Mech., 87(2), 343–347.
3.
Chwang, A. T. (1981). “Effect of stratification on hydrodynamic pressures on dams.” J. Engrg. Math., 15(1), 49–63.
4.
Chwang, A. T. (1983). “Nonlinear hydrodynamic pressure on an accelerating plate.” Physics of Fluids, 26(2), 383–387.
5.
Chwang, A. T., and Housner, G. W. (1978). “Hydrodynamic pressures on sloping dams during earthquakes. Part 1: Momentum method.” J. Fluid Mech., 87(2), 335–341.
6.
Chwang, A. T., and Wang, K. H. (1984). “Nonlinear impulsive force on an accelerating container.” J. Fluids Engrg., 106(2), 233–240.
7.
Faltinsen, O. M. (1974). “A nonlinear theory of sloshing in rectangular tanks.” J. Ship Res., 18(4), 224–241.
8.
Kotsubo, S. (1959). “Dynamic water pressure on dams due to irregular earthquakes.” Memoirs of the Fac. of Engrg., Kyushu Univ., Fukoka, Japan, 18, 119–129.
9.
Kotsubo, S. (1961). “External forces on arch dams during earthquakes.” Mem. Fac. Eng., Kyushu Univ., Japan, 20, 327–366.
10.
Moiseev, N. N. (1958). “On the theory of nonlinear vibrations of a liquid of finite volume.” J. Appl. Math. and Mech., 22, 860–872.
11.
Westergaard, H. M. (1933). “Water pressures during earthquakes.” Trans., ASCE, 98, 418–433.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Copyright
Copyright © 1993 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Feb 4, 1992
Published online: Apr 1, 1993
Published in print: Apr 1993
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.