Japanese Activities on On‐Line Testing
Publication: Journal of Engineering Mechanics
Volume 113, Issue 7
Abstract
The on‐line computer test control method (the on‐line test) is a new experimental technique to directly simulate the earthquake response behavior of structural systems without using a shake table device. This paper presents a review of Japanese activities in the development and application of the on‐line test. First, the history of the development of the on‐line test and its software and hardware algorithms are described, and 27 previous on‐line tests conducted by Japanese researchers are summarized. Second, the reliability of the on‐line test is discussed. Sources that may bring errors in the response are defined, and efforts to examine their effects on the response and to control the response error growth are introduced. Third, two extensions of the on‐line test concept are presented: the fast on‐line test and the substructure on‐line test.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
1.
Dermitzakis, S. N., and Mahin, S. A. (1985). “Development of substructuring techniques for on‐line computer controlled seismic performance testing.” UCB/EERC‐85/04. Earthquake Engrg. Research Center, Univ. of California, Richmond, Calif.
2.
“Earthquake effects on reinforced concrete structures, U.S.‐Japan Research.” (1985). Publication SP‐84, J.K. White, Ed., American Concrete Inst., Detroit, Mich., 428.
3.
Hakuno, M., Shidawara, M., and Hara, T. (1969). “Dynamic destructive test of a cantilever beam, controlled by an analog‐computer.” Trans. Japan Society of Civ. Engrs., No. 171, Tokyo, Japan, 1–9 (in Japanese).
4.
Hanson, R. D., McClamrock, N. H. (1984). “Pseudo dynamic test method for inelastic building response.” Proc., 8th World Conf. on Earthquake Engrg., San Francisco, Calif., Vol. 6, 127–134.
5.
Hayama, S., Yomo, T., and Nakagawa, A. (1984). “A pseudo dynamic test on 3‐story steel frame.” Proc., Annual Meeting of the Architectural Inst. of Japan, Tokyo, Japan, 1411‐1412 (in Japanese).
6.
Hisada, T., et al. (1984). “Pseudo‐dynamic tests on the model of a reinforced concrete containment vessel subjected to earthquake and thermal stresses.” Proc., 8th World Conf. on Earthquake Engrg., San Francisco, Calif., Vol. 3, 47–54.
7.
Hughes, T. J. R., and Belyschko, T. (1983). “A precis of developments in computational methods for transient analysis.” J. Applied Mech., Trans. ASME, 1033–1041.
8.
Iemura, H. (1984). “Hybrid experiments on earthquake failure criteria of reinforced concrete structures.” Proc., 8th World Conf. on Earthquake Engrg., San Francisco, Calif., Vol. 6, 103–110.
9.
Ishimaru, S., et al. (1985). “Evaluation of experimental error propagation in on‐line pseudodynamic testing (part 5 elasto‐plastic testing of reinforced concrete columns.” Proc., Annual Meeting of the Architectural Inst. of Japan, Tokyo, Japan, 197–198 (in Japanese).
10.
Kaminosono, T., et al. (1984). “U.S.‐Japan cooperative research on R/C full scale building test, part 1 single‐degree‐of‐freedom pseudo‐dynamic test.” Proc., 8th World Conf. on Earthquake Engrg., San Francisco, Calif., Vol. 6, pp. 595–601.
11.
Kaneta, K., Nishizawa, H., and Kaneko H. (1980). “Fundamental study on earthquake response of footings in steel structures using on‐line system.” Proc., Annual Meeting of the Architectural Inst. of Japan, Tokyo, Japan, 1347–1348 (in Japanese).
12.
Kaneta, K., and Nishizawa, H. (1983). “Fundamental study on the evaluation of seismic behavior of steel structures by on‐line hybrid simulation system.” Trans. Architectural Inst. of Japan, Tokyo, Japan, No. 323, 42‐49 (in Japanese).
13.
Kaneta, K., and Nishizawa, H. (1983). “Fundamental study on the evaluation of seismic behavior of steel structures by on‐line hybrid simulation system (part 2). Trans. Architectural Inst. of Japan, Tokyo, Japan, No. 329, 36–42 (in Japanese).
14.
Kaneta, K., Nishizawa, H., and Imaki, S. (1983). “Earthquake response analysis of steel frames with high strength bolted connection (part 1 on the results of the on‐line hybrid simulation).” Trans. Architectural Inst. of Japan, Tokyo, Japan, No. 330, 79–85 (in Japanese).
15.
Katada, T., and Hakuno, M. (1984). “Nonlinear analysis of surface ground motions by digital control on‐line experiment.” Proc., 8th World Conf. Earthquake Engrg., San Francisco, Calif., Vol. 3, 1033–1040.
16.
Kato, H., Nakashima, M., and Kaminosono, T. (1985). “Simulation accuracy of computer‐actuator online testing.” Proc., 7th Symp. on the Use of Computers in Building Structures, Architectural Inst. of Japan, Tokyo, Japan, 199–204 (in Japanese).
17.
Kitagawa, Y., Nagataki, Y., and Kashima, T. (1984). “Dynamic response analysis with effects of strain rate and stress relaxation.” Trans. Architectural Inst. of Japan, Tokyo, Japan, No. 343, 32–41 (in Japanese).
18.
Kobayashi, J., et al. (1985). “Pseudo dynamic test on restoring force characteristics of shear wall, part 1 test results.” Proc., Annual Meeting of the Architectural Inst. of Japan, Tokyo, Japan, 275–276 (in Japanese).
19.
Kubota, T., et al. (1980). “Earthquake simulation of full scale structural systems using pseudo dynamic testing (part 4 pseudo dynamic test of RC two story full scale structural system).” Proc., Annual Meeting of the Architectural Inst. of Japan, Tokyo, Japan, 701–702 (in Japanese).
20.
Mahin, S. A., and Shing, B. P. (1985). “Pseudo dynamic method for seismic testing.” J. Struct. Engrg., ASCE, 111(7), 1482–1503.
21.
Miyazawa, K. (1981). “Vibrational analysis of 1DOF hard spring system using on‐line system.” Proc., Annual Meeting of the Architectural Inst. of Japan, Tokyo, Japan, 1911–1912 (in Japanese).
22.
Mizoguchi, M., et al. (1985). “Torsional earthquake response of coupled reinforced concrete frames by the personal computer‐actuator on‐line system.” Proc., Annual Meeting of the Architectural Inst. of Japan, Tokyo, Japan, 179–180 (in Japanese).
23.
Mizuhata, K., Maeda, Y., and Tanaka, T. (1982). “Earthquake response analysis by the digital dynamic simulator.” Proc., 4th Symp. on the Use of Computers in Building Strutures, Architectural Inst. of Japan, Tokyo, Japan, 91–96 (in Japanese).
24.
Mochizuki, T. (1975). “On‐line real time dynamic test for the building supported on piles, part 1 about the test method and restoring force characteristics of pile in cohesive soil.” Trans. Architectural Inst. of Japan, Tokyo, Japan, No. 231, 63–71 (in Japanese).
25.
Nakashima, M., and Takai, H. (1985). “Computer‐actuator online testing using substructure and mixed integration techniques.” Proc., 7th Symp. on the Use of Computers in Building Structures, Architectural Inst. of Japan, Tokyo, Japan, 205–210 (in Japanese).
26.
Nakashima, M. (1985). “Part 1, relationship between integration time interval and response stability in pseudo dynamic testing (stability and accuracy behavior of pseudo dynamic response).” J. Struct. and Construction Engrg., Trans. of the Architectural Inst. of Japan, Tokyo, Japan, No. 353, 29–36.
27.
Nakashima, M., Kato, H., and Kaminosono, T. (1985). “Simulation of earthquake response by pseudo dynamic (PSD) testing technique (part 3 estimation of response errors caused by PSD test control errors).” Proc., Annual Meeting of the Architectural Inst. of Japan, Tokyo, Japan, 445–446 (in Japanese).
28.
Nakashima, M., Kato, H., and Kaminosono, T. (1985). “Simulation of earthquake response by pseudo dynamic (PSD) testing technique (part 4 PSD loading algorithm minimizing response errors).” Proc., Annual Meeting of the Architectural Inst. of Japan, Tokyo, Japan, 447–448 (in Japanese).
29.
Nakashima, M. (1985). “Part 2, relationship between integration time interval and accuracy of displacement, velocity and acceleration responses in pseudo dynamic testing (stability and accuracy behavior of pseudo dynamic response).” J. Struct. and Construction Engrg., Trans. of the Architectural Inst. of Japan, Tokyo, Japan, No. 358, 35–42.
30.
Okada, T., and Seki, M. (1977). “A simulation of earthquake response of reinforced concrete buildings.” Proc., 6th World Conf. on Earthquake Engrg., New Dehli, India, Vol. 9, 25–30.
31.
Okada, T., Okada, K., and Seki, M. (1981). “Response test of RC space frame under biaxial input motion (part 1 testing method).” Proc., Annual Meeting of the Architectural Inst. of Japan, Tokyo, Japan, 1279–1280 (in Japanese).
32.
Okada, T., and Seki, M. (1984). “Nonlinear earthquake response of equipment system anchored on R/C building floor.” Proc., 8th World Conf. on Earthquake Engrg., San Francisco, Calif., Vol. 5, 1151–1158.
33.
Okamoto, S. et al., (1983). “Large scale seismic testing of building structures.” Recent Advances in Engineering Mechanics and Their Impact on Civil Engineering Practice. Proc. of the 4th Engrg. Mech. Div. Specialty Conf., ASCE, Purdue Univ., Vol. 1, 634–637.
34.
Seki, M., and Okada, T. (1984). “Nonlinear earthquake response test of torsionally coupled reinforced concrete building frames.” Proc., 8th World Conf. on Earthquake Engrg., San Francisco, Calif., Vol. 6, 315–322.
35.
Seki, M., Teshigawara, M., and Okada, T. (1985). “Study on evaluation of errors caused in earthquake response test by actuator‐computer on‐line system (part 1 estimation of hardware errors).” Trans. Architectural Inst. of Japan, Kanto Branch, Tokyo, Japan 1–4 (in Japanese).
36.
Shing, P. B., Mahin, S. A., and Dermitzakis, S. N. (1984). “Evaluation of on‐line computer control methods for seismic performance testing.” Proc., 8th World Conf. on Earthquake Engrg., San Francisco, Calif., Vol. 6, 135–142.
37.
Shing, B. P., and Mahin, S. A. (1985). “Computational aspects of a seismic performance test method using on‐line computer control.” Earthquake Engineering and Structural‐Dynamics, John Wiley & Sons, New York, N.Y., 507–526.
38.
Takanashi, K., et al. (1974). “Seismic failure analysis of structures by computer‐pulsator on‐line system.” J. Inst. of Industrial Sci., 26(11), Univ. of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan, 13–25 (in Japanese).
39.
Takanashi, K., et al. (1975). “Non‐linear earthquake response analysis of structures by a computer actuator on‐line system (part 1 details of the system).” Trans. Architectural Inst. of Japan, Tokyo, Japan, No. 229, 77–83 (in Japanese).
40.
Takanashi, K., Udagawa, K., and Tanaka, H. (1978). “Earthquake response analysis of steel frames by computer‐actuator on‐line system.” Proc., 5th Japan Earthquake Engrg. Symp., 1321–1328.
41.
Takanashi, K., Udagawa, K., and Tanaka, H. (1980). “Pseudo dynamic tests on a 2‐story steel frame by a computer‐load test apparatus hybrid system.” Proc., 7th World Conf. on Earthquake Engrg., Istanbul, Turkey, Vol. 7, 225–232.
42.
Takanashi, K., Taniguchi, H., and Tanaka, H. (1981). “Influence of slipping of high strength bold connections on seismic behavior of frames.” Joints in Structural Steel Work. J. H. Howlett, W. M. Jenckins and R. Stainsby, Eds., Penteck Press, London, U.K., 2.177–2.195.
43.
Takanashi, K., and Ohi, K. (1983). “Earthquake response analysis of steel structures by rapid computer‐actuator on‐line system, (1) a progress report, trial system and dynamic response of steel beams.” Bull. Earthquake Resistant Struct. Research Center (ERS), No. 16, Inst. of Industrial Sci., Univ. of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan, 103–109.
44.
Takanashi, K., and Ohi, K. (1984). “A correlation study in pseudo‐dynamic on‐line tests vs. shaking table tests.” Structural Stability Research Council, 1984 Annual Technical Session and Meeting, San Francisco, Calif., 291–301.
45.
Tanaka, H. (1975). “A computer‐actuator on‐line system for non‐linear earthquake response analysis of structures.” J. Inst. of Industrial Science, Vol. 27, No. 12, Univ. of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan, 15–19 (in Japanese).
46.
Taniguchi, H., and Takanashi, K. (1984). “Inelastic response behavior of H‐shaped steel column to bi‐directional earthquake motion.” Proc., 8th World Conf. on Earthquake Engrg., San Francisco, Calif., Vol. 6, 209–216.
47.
Teshigawara, M., and Okada, T. (1982). “Effect of coupled shear wall in RC structures (part 2 test and test results).” Proc., Annual Meeting of the Architectural Inst. of Japan, Tokyo, Japan, 1449–1450 (in Japanese).
48.
Tsutsumi, H., et al. (1982). “A proposition of pseudodynamic test system, part 1 outline.” Proc., Annual Meeting of the Architectural Inst. of Japan, Tokyo, Japan, 437–438 (in Japanese).
49.
Udagawa, K., Takanashi, K., and Tanaka, H. (1978). “Non‐linear earthquake response analysis of structures by a computer actuator on‐line system (part 2 response analysis of one bay‐one story steel frames with inelastic beams.” Trans. Architectural Inst. of Japan, No. 268, Tokyo, Japan, 49–59 (in Japanese).
50.
Yamanouchi, H., et al. (1984). “Feasibility study of pseudo‐dynamic test method by a full‐scale simple structure.” Proc., 8th World Conf. on Earthquake Engrg., San Francisco, Calif., Vol. 6, 119–126.
51.
Yamanouchi, H., et al. (1984). “Full‐scale seismic tests on a six‐story concentrically K‐braced steel building—U.S.‐Japan cooperative research program.” Proc., 5th Engrg. Mech. Div. Specialty Conf., ASCE, 603–606.
52.
Yamazaki, T., Nakashima, M., and Kaminosono, T. (1984). “Correlation between shaking table test and pseudo dynamic test on steel structures.” Proc., 8th World Conf. on Earthquake Engrg., San Francisco, Calif., Vol. 6, 111–118.
53.
Yamazaki, Y., Nakashima, M., and Kaminosono, T. (1986). “Earthquake response simulation capacity of pseudo dynamic testing—experimental demonstration and analytic evaluation.” Proc., 3rd Conf. on Dynamic Response of Structures, Engrg. Mech. Div., ASCE, Univ. of California, Los Angeles, Calif., 446–453.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Engineering Mechanics
Volume 113 • Issue 7 • July 1987
Pages: 1014 - 1032
Copyright
Copyright © 1987 ASCE.
History
Published online: Jul 1, 1987
Published in print: Jul 1987
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.