Changes in Polyhydroxy-Alkanoates (PHAs) during Enhanced Biological Phosphorus Removal with Dairy Industrial Wastewater
Publication: Journal of Environmental Engineering
Volume 135, Issue 11
Abstract
Using the industrial wastewater from a dairy plant, the performance of enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) with complex organic substances was evaluated. A laboratory-scale sequencing batch reactor (SBR) was operated and the organic loading rate in total chemical oxygen demand (tCOD) increased gradually from 200– in three steps. As the organic loading increased, the food to microorganism ratio increased from 0.16–0.27 (g-tCOD/g-MLVSS d). When it increased over , the effluent phosphorus concentration fluctuated, showing an unstable EBPR activity. During the anaerobic condition, higher fraction of poly-3-hydroxyvalerate (PHV) was observed and the ratio of PHV to poly-3-hydroxybuyrate (PHB) production ranged . PHV was produced faster and used later than PHB. By applying fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) technique, the percentage of Rhodocyclus-related bacteria to the total cell counts was monitored as an indicator of phosphorus accumulating organisms (PAOs). The population accounted for at low organic loading rate and stayed at the same level as the organic loading rate increased.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Acknowledgments
This work was funded by the nine dairies in Wisconsin through Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources (WDNR) and Wisconsin Milk Marketing Board (WMMB) (Grant No. UNSPECIFIEDUW0202). The writers thank the field engineers and operators in surveying site for helpful assistance as well as Richard Reichardt at WDNR for their valuable input to this study.UNSPECIFIED
References
Ahn, C. H., Park, H. D., and Park, J. K. (2007). “Enhanced biological phosphorus removal performance and microbial population changes at high organic loading rates.” J. Environ. Eng., 133(10), 962–969.
American Public Health Association/American Water Works Association/Water Pollution Control Federation (APHA/AWWA/WPCF). (1998). Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater, 20th Ed., United Book Press, Baltimore.
Beun, J. J., Verhoef, E. V., van Loosdrecht, M. C. M., and Heijnen, J. J. (2000). “Stoichiometry and kinetics of poly- -hydroxybutyrate metabolism under denitrifying conditions in activated sludge cultures.” Biotechnol. Bioeng., 68(5), 496–507.
Brandl, H., Gross, R. A., Lenz, R. W., and Fuller, R. C. (1988). “Pseudomonas oleoverans as a source of poly ( -Hydroxyalkanoates) for potential applications as biodegradable polyesters.” Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 54(8), 1977–1982.
Brunke, R., Alvo, P., Schuepp, P., and Gordon, R. (1988). “Effect of meteorological parameters on ammonia loss from manure in the field.” J. Environ. Qual., 17(3), 431–436.
Carucci, A., Lindrea, K., Majone, M., and Ramadori, R. (1999). “Different mechanisms for the anaerobic storage of organic substrates and their effect on enhanced biological phosphate removal (EBPR).” Water Sci. Technol., 39(6), 21–28.
Chrost, R. J. (1990). “Microbial ectoenzymes in aquatic environments.” Aquatic microbial ecology-biochemical and molecular approaches, J. Overbeck and R. J. Chrost, eds., Springer, New York, 29–59.
Crocetti, G., et al. (2000). “Identification of polyphosphate-accumulating organisms and design of 16S rRNA-directed probes for their detection and quantification.” Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 66(3), 1175–1182.
Danalewich, J. R., Papagiannis, T. G., Belyea, R. L., Tumbleson, M. E., and Raskin, L. (1998). “Characterization of dairy waste streams, current treatment practices, and potential for biological nutrient removal.” Water Res., 32(12), 3555–3568.
Donkin, M. J., and Russell, J. M. (1997). “Treatment of a milkpowder/butter wastewater using the AAO activated sludge configuration.” Water Sci. Technol., 36(10), 79–86.
Filipe, C. D. M., Daigger, G. T., and Grady, C. P. L., Jr. (2001a). “A metabolic model for acetate uptake under anaerobic conditions by glycogen accumulating organisms: Stoichiometry, kinetics and the effect of pH.” Biotechnol. Bioeng., 76(1), 17–31.
Filipe, C. D. M., Daigger, G. T., and Grady, C. P. L., Jr. (2001b). “Stoichiometry and kinetics of acetate uptake under anaerobic conditions by an enriched culture of phosphate-accumulating organisms at different pHs.” Biotechnol. Bioeng., 76(1), 32–43.
Hesselmann, R. P. X., Werlen, C., Hahn, D., van der Meer, J. R., and Zehnder, A. J. B. (1999). “Enrichment, phylogenetic analysis and detection of a bacterium that performs enhanced biological phosphate removal in activated sludge.” Syst. Appl. Microbiol., 22(3), 454–465.
Huber, S., Minnebusch, S., Wuertz, S., Wilderer, P. A., and Helmreich, B. (1998). “Impact of different substrates on biomass protein composition during wastewater treatment investigated by two-dimensional electrophoresis.” Water Sci. Technol., 37(4–5), 363–366.
Hung, C. H., Peccia, J., Zilles, J. L., and Noguera, D. R. (2002). “Physical enrichment of polyphosphate accumulating organisms in activated sludge.” Water Environ. Res., 74(4), 354–361.
Jones, P. H., Tadwalkar, A. D., and Hsu, C. L. (1987). “Enhanced uptake of phosphorus by activated sludge–effect of substrate addition.” Water Res., 21(3), 301–308.
Kolarski, R., and Nyhuis, G. (1995). “The use of sequencing batch reactor technology for the treatment of high strength dairy processing waste.” Proc., 50th Purdue Industrial Waste Conf. Proc., Ann Arbor, Mich., Lewis Publisher, Boca Raton, Fla., 485−494.
Kong, Y. H., Nielsen, J. L., and Nielsen, P. H. (2004). “Microautoradiographic study of Rhodocyclus-related phosphate accumulating bacteria in full-scale enhanced biological phosphorus removal plants.” Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 70(9), 5383–5390.
Louie, T. M., Mah, T. J., Oldham, W., and Ramey, W. D. (2000). “Use of metabolic inhibitors and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry to study poly- -hydroxyalkanoates metabolism involving cryptic nutrients in enhanced biological phosphorus removal systems.” Water Res., 34(5), 1507–1514.
Manz, W., Amann, R. I., Ludwig, W., Wagner, M., and Schleifer, K. H. (1992). “Phylogenetics oligonucleotide probe for the major subclasses of proteobacteria: Problems and solutions.” Syst. Appl. Microbiol., 15(4), 593–600.
Maurer, M., Gujer, R., Hany, M., and Bachmann, S. (1997). “Intracellular carbon flow in phosphorus accumulating organisms from activated sludge systems.” Water Res., 31(4), 907–917.
Metcalf and Eddy, Inc. (2003). Wastewater engineering-treatment, disposal and reuse, 3rd Ed., D. H. Stensel, G. Tchobanglous, and F. L. Burton, eds., McGraw-Hill, New York.
Mino, T., van Loosdrecht, M. C. M., and Heijnen, J. J. (1998). “Microbiology and biochemistry of the enhanced biological phosphorus removal process.” Water Res., 32(11), 3193–3207.
Randall, A. A., Benefield, L. D., and Hill, W. E. (1994). “The effect of fermentation products on enhanced biological phosphorus removal, polyphosphate storage, and microbial population dynamics.” Water Sci. Technol., 30(6), 213–219.
Randall, A. A., Benefield, L. D., Hill, W. E., Nicol, J. P., Boman, G. K., and Jing, S. R. (1997). “The effect of volatile fatty acids on enhanced biological phosphorous removal and population structure in anaerobic/aerobic sequencing batch reactors.” Water Sci. Technol., 35(1), 153–160.
Randall, C. W., Barnard, J. L., Ashano, T., Bishop, B., and Bishop, P., and (1992). “Design and retrofit of wastewater treatment plants for biological nutrition removal.” Water quality management library, Vol. 5, C. W. Randall, ed., Technomic, Lancaster, Pa.
Rusten, B., and Eliassen, H. (1993). “Sequencing batch reactors for nutrient removal at small wastewater treatment plants.” Water Sci. Technol., 28(10), 233–242.
Satoh, H., Mino, T., and Matsuo, T. (1992). “Uptake of organic substrates and accumulation of polyhydroxyalkanoates linked with glycolysis of intracellular carbohydrates under anaerobic conditions in the biological excess phosphate removal processes.” Water Sci. Technol., 26(5/6), 933–942.
Schuler, A. J., and Jenkins, D. (2003). “Enhanced biological phosphorous removal from wastewater by biomass with different phosphorus contents, Part I: Experimental results and comparison with metabolic models.” Water Environ. Res., 75(6), 485–498.
Shao, Y. J., and Jenkins, D. (1989). “The use of anoxic selectors for the control of low activated sludge bulking.” Water Sci. Technol., 21(6/7), 609–614.
Torrijos, M., Vuitton, V., and Moletta, R. (2001). “The SBR process: an efficient and economic solution for the treatment of wastewater at small cheesemaking dairies in the Jura mountains.” Water Sci. Technol., 43(3), 373–380.
Ubukata, Y. (1997). “Kinetics of polymeric substrate (detrain or peptone) removal by activated sludge: hydrolysis of polymers to monomers is the rate-determining step.” Water Sci. Technol., 36(12), 159–167.
Zilles, J. L., Peccia, J., Kim, M. W., Hung, C. H., and Noguera, D. R. (2002). “Involvement of Rhodocyclus-related organisms in phosphorus removal in full-scale wastewater treatment plants.” Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 68(6), 2763–2769.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Copyright
© 2009 ASCE.
History
Received: Jun 11, 2007
Accepted: Jun 18, 2009
Published online: Oct 15, 2009
Published in print: Nov 2009
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.