Transport of Colloids and Associated Hydrophobic Organic Chemicals through a Natural Media Filter
Publication: Journal of Environmental Engineering
Volume 135, Issue 1
Abstract
In this project, the ability of natural media filtration (NMF) to remove colloidal particles and associated hydrophobic organic compounds from the aqueous phase was evaluated by performing sorption and transport experiments with leaf compost media. Phenanthrene sorption isotherm experiments for compost and model colloidal (latex) particles found that phenanthrene has a greater affinity for the colloidal particles than for the compost materials. In column experiments, the transport of phenanthrene through the NMF in the presence and absence of two colloidal particles with different hydrophobicities [sulfate (more hydrophobic) and carboxylate (less hydrophobic)] showed that the effluent phenanthrene concentration in the presence of colloids, particularly sulfate latex particles, is much higher than that in the absence of colloids. The results from a mathematical model used to evaluate data from the column experiments suggest that enhancement of contaminant transport can be significant under the following conditions: high colloidal concentrations, high partition coefficient between contaminant and colloids, or a slow desorption rate of contaminant from colloids.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Acknowledgments
The writer gratefully acknowledge ALCOA Inc. for providing partial funding for this study and for providing the compost materials, and their associated properties. This is Clarkson Center for the environmental publication No. 336.
References
Aly, O. A., and Badawy, M. I. (1986). “PCB removal by conventional water treatment: Effect of chemical coagulation and chlorination.” Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol., 36(1), 929–934.
Bekhit, H. M., and Hassan, A. E. (2005). “Two-dimensional modeling of contaminant transport in porous media in the presence of colloids.” Adv. Water Resour., 28(12), 1320–1335.
Brownawell, B. J., Hua, C., Collier, J. M., and Westall, J. C. (1990). “Adsorption of organic cations to natural materials.” Environ. Sci. Technol., 24(8), 1234–1241.
Clark, R. M., and Adam, J. Q. (1992). Drinking water and groundwater remediation cost evaluation: Granular activated carbon, Lewis, Boca Ration, Fla.
Compost Stormwater Filter Treatment Systems, Inc. (CSF). (1996). “Stormwater management promotional brochure.” Portland, Ore.
Copenhaver, S. A., Krishnaswami, S., Turekian, K. K., Epler, N., and Cochran, J. K. (1993). “Retardation of and decay chain radionuclides in Long Island and Connecticut aquifers.” Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 57(3), 597–603.
Corapcioglu, M. Y., and Jiang, S. (1993). “Colloid-facilitated ground water contaminant transport.” Water Resour. Res., 29(7), 2215–2226.
Derjaguin, B. V., and Landau, L. D. (1941). “Theory of the stability of strongly charged lyophobic sols and of the adhesion of strongly particles in solutions of electrolytes.” Acta Physicochim. URSS, 14, 733–762.
Elimelech, M., Geogory, J., Jia, X., and Williams, R. A. (1995). Particle deposition and aggregation, measurements, modeling, and simulation, Butterworth-Heinemann, Stoneham, Mass.
Finkel, D. E. (2005). “Global optimization with the DIRECT algorithm.” Ph.D. thesis, North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, N.C.
Flury, M., Mathison, J. B., and Harsh, J. B. (2002). “In situ mobilization of colloids and transport of cesium in Hanford sediments.” Environ. Sci. Technol., 36(24), 5335–5341.
Fu, J. K., and Luthy, R. G. (1986). “Aromatic compound solubility in solvent/water mixtures.” J. Environ. Eng., 112(2), 328–345.
Gauthier, T. D., Shane, E. C., Guerin, W. F., Seitz, W. R., and Grant, C. L. (1986). “Fluorescence quenching method for determining equilibrium constants for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons binding to dissolved humic materials.” Environ. Sci. Technol., 20(11), 1162–1166.
Gounaris, V., Anderson, P. R., and Holsen, T. M. (1993). “Characteristics and environmental significance of colloids in landfill leachate.” Environ. Sci. Technol., 27(7), 1381–1387.
Grolimund, D., Borkovec, M., Barmettler, K., and Sticher, H. (1996). “Colloid-facilitated transport of strongly sorbing contaminants in natural porous media: A laboratory column study.” Environ. Sci. Technol., 30(10), 3118–3123.
Jaradat, A. Q., Grimberg, S. J., and Holsen, T. M. (2009). “Colloidal transport through natural filter media.” J. Environ. Eng. (under review).
Johnson, W. P., and Amy, G. L. (1995). “Facilitated transport and enhanced desorption of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by natural organic matter in aquifer sediments.” Environ. Sci. Technol., 29(3), 807–817.
Johnson, W. P., Amy, G. L., and Chapra, S. L. (1995). “Modeling of NOM-facilitated PAH transport through Low- sediment.” J. Environ. Eng., 126(6), 438–446.
Jones, D. R., Perttunen, C. D., and Stuckman, B. E. (1993). “Lipschitzian optimization without the lipschitz constant.” J. Optim. Theory Appl., 79(1), 157–181.
Karickhoff, S. W., Brown, D. S., and Scott, T. A. (1979). “Sorption of hydrophobic pollutants on natural sediments.” Water Res., 13, 241–248.
Knabner, P., Tossche, K. U., and Kogel-Knabner, I. (1996). “The modeling of reactive solute transport with sorption to mobile and immobile sorbents. 1. Experimental evidence and model development.” Water Resour. Res., 32(6), 1611–1622.
Ku, C. H., and Elimelech, M. (2000). “The shadow effect on colloid transport and deposition dynamics in granular porous media: Measurements and mechanisms.” Environ. Sci. Technol., 34(17), 3681–3689.
Kumke, M. U., Lohmannsroben, H. G., and Roch, T. (1994). “Fluorescence quenching of polycyclic aromatic compounds by humic acid.” Analyst (Cambridge, U.K.), 119(5), 997–1001.
Magee, B. R., Leon, L. W., and LemLey, A. T. (1991). “Transport of dissolved organic macromolecules and their effect on the transport of phenanthrene in porous media.” Environ. Sci. Technol., 25(2), 323–331.
Mathworks, Inc. (1984–2007 ). “Matlab7 (R2006b).” ⟨www.mathworks.com⟩.
McCarthy, J. F., and Jimenez, B. D. (1985). “Interaction between polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and dissolved humic material.” Environ. Sci. Technol., 19(11), 1072–1076.
McCarthy, J. F., and Zachara, J. M. (1989). “Subsurface transport of contaminants.” Environ. Sci. Technol., 23(5), 496–502.
Metcalf and Eddy Inc. (2003). Wastewater engineering, treatment and reuse, 4th Ed., G. Tchobanoglous, F. L. Burton, and H. D. Stensel, reviewers, McGraw-Hill, New York.
Montgomery, J. H., and Welkom, L. M. (1990). Ground water chemicals desk reference, Lewis, Chelsea, Mich.
Morris, S., and Lester, J. N. (1994). “Behavior and fate of polychlorinated biphenyls in a pilot wastewater treatment plant.” Water Res., 28(7), 1553–1561.
Pignatello, J. J., and Chapa, G. (1994). “Degradation of PCBs by ferric iron, hydrogen peroxide, and UV light.” Envir. Toxicol. Chem., 13(3), 423–427.
Pirbazari, M., Badriyha, B. N., Kim, S. H., and Miltner, R. J. (1992). “Evaluating GAC adsorbers for the removal of PCBs and Toxaphene.” J. Am. Water Works Assoc., 84(2), 83–90.
Roy, S. B., and Dzombak, D. A. (1998). “Sorption nonequilibrium effects on colloid-enhanced transport of hydrophobic organic compounds in porous media.” J. Contam. Hydrol., 30(1), 179–200.
Ryan, J. N., and Gschwend, P. M. (1994). “Effect of ionic strength and flow rate on colloid release: Relating kinetics to intersurface potential energy.” J. Colloid Interface Sci., 164, 21–34.
Sen, T. K., Mahajan, S. P., and Khilar, K. C. (2002). “Colloid-associated contaminant transport in porous media: 1. Experimental studies.” AIChE J., 48(10), 2366–2374.
Smith, P. A., and Degueldre, C. (1993). “Colloid-facilitated transport of radionuclides through fractured media.” J. Contam. Hydrol., 13(1–4), 143–166.
Sojitra, L., Valsaraj, K. T., Reible, D. D., and Thibodeaux, L. J. (1995). “Transport of hydrophobic organics by colloids through porous media 1. Experimental results.” Colloids Surf., A, 94(2), 197–211.
Song, L., and Elimelech, M. J. (1993). “Calculation of particle deposition rate under unfavorable particle-surface interactions.” J. Chem. Soc., Faraday Trans., 89(18), 3443–3452.
Totsche, K. U., Knabner, P., and Kogel-Knabner, I. (1996). “The modeling of reactive solute transport with sorption to mobile and immobile sorbents. 2. Model discussion and numerical simulation.” Water Resour. Res., 32(6), 1623–1634.
Turro, N. J. (1978). Modern molecular photochemistry, Benjamin-Cummings, Menlo Park, Calif.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). (1990). “Guidance on removal actions for superfund sites with PCB contamination.” EPA-540/ G-90-007, Washington, D.C.
Verwey, E. J. W., and Overbeek, J. T. G. (1948). “Theory of the stability of lyophobic colloids.” Elsevier, Amsterdam.
Villermaux, J. (1981). Theory of linear chromatography, in percolation processes, A. E. Rodrigues and D. Tondeur, eds., Sijthoff, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 83–140.
Villholth, K. G., Jarvis, N. J., Jacobsen, O. H., and De Jonge, H. (2000). “Field investigations and modeling of particle-facilitated pesticide transport in macroporous soil.” J. Environ. Qual., 29(4), 1298–1309.
Vinten, A. J., Yaron, B., and Nye, P. H. (1983). “Vertical transport of pesticides into soil when adsorbed on suspended particles.” J. Agric. Food Chem., 31, 662–664.
Vollmuth, S., and Niessner, R. (1995). “Degradation of PCDD, PCDF, PAH, PCB and chlorinated phenols during the destruction treatment of landfill seepage water in laboratory model reactor (UV, Ozone, and UV/Ozone).” Chemosphere, 30(12), 2317–2331.
Wan, J., and Wilson, J. L. (1994). “Colloid transport in unsaturated porous media.” Water Resour. Res., 30(4), 857–864.
Winckel, G. V. (2004). Block tridiagonal solver, Karl-Franzens Univ., Graz, Austria.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Environmental Engineering
Volume 135 • Issue 1 • January 2009
Pages: 36 - 45
Copyright
© 2009 ASCE.
History
Received: Nov 7, 2007
Accepted: Aug 5, 2008
Published online: Jan 1, 2009
Published in print: Jan 2009
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.