Effect of the Composition of Anodic Purging Solutions on Electroosmosis
Publication: Journal of Environmental Engineering
Volume 133, Issue 6
Abstract
The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of the composition of anodic purging solutions on electroosmosis in an electrokinetic (EK) system. The effect of buffering capacity of anodic purging solutions on electroosmosis was first studied. With the increase of buffering capacity, soil pH and electric current increased, but the maximal cumulative electroosmostic flow (EOF) was achieved with buffer. containing NaCl and , respectively, were used as anodic purging solutions to investigate the effect of cation concentration and anion type on electroosmosis. The increase of cation concentration led to the increase of soil pH and electric current but the decrease of EOF. At the same cation concentration, resulted in higher electric current and greater EOF than NaCl, but similar distribution of soil pH. The present study provides useful information for the selection of purging solution in the EK remediation of contaminated soils.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Acknowledgments
This work was supported by the key project of Education Ministry of China (Grant No. UNSPECIFIED104250) and the key project of Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province (Grant No. NSFC2006ABD005).
References
Acar, Y. B., and Alshawabkeh, A. N. (1993). “Principles of electrokinetic remediation.” Environ. Sci. Technol., 27(13), 2638–2647.
Fu, X. C. (1990). Physical chemistry, High Education, Beijing.
Giannis, A., and Gidarakos, E. (2005). “Washing enhanced electrokinetic remediation for removal cadmium from real contaminated soil.” J. Hazard. Mater., B123(1–3), 165–175.
Hamed, J. T., and Bhadra, A. (1997). “Influence of current density and pH on electrokenetics.” J. Hazard. Mater., B55(1–3), 279–294.
Hicks, R. E., and Tondorf, S. (1994). “Electrorestoration of metal contaminated soils.”Environ. Sci. Technol., 28(12), 2203–2210.
Ho, S., Athmer, C., Sheridan, P. W., Athmer, C. H., Heitkamp, M. A., Brackin, J. M., Weber, D., and Brodsky, P. H. (1995). “Integrated in situ soil remediation technology: The Lasagna process.” Environ. Sci. Technol., 29(10), 2528–2534.
Ho, S., Athmer, C., Sheridan, P. W., and Shapiro, A. P. (1997). “Scale-up aspects of the Lasagna process for in situ soil decontamination.” J. Hazard. Mater., B55(1–3), 39–60.
Hunter, R. J. (1981). Zeta potential in colloid science: Principles and applications, Academic, London.
Ko, S. O., Schlautman, M. A., and Carraway, E. R. (2000). “Cyclodextrin-enhanced electrokinetic removal of phenanthrene from a model clay soil.” Environ. Sci. Technol., 34(8), 1535–1541.
Lageman, R., Clarke, R. L., and Pool, W. (2005) “Electroreclamation: A versatile soil remediation solution.” Eng. Geol. (Amsterdam), 77(3–4), 191–201.
Li, A., Cheung, K. A., and Reddy, K. R. (2000). “Cosolvent-enhanced electrokinetic remediation of soils contaminated with phenanthrene.” J. Environ. Eng., 126(6), 527–533.
Li, X. H. (2001). Soil chemistry, High Education, Beijing.
Luo, Q. S., Zhang, X. H., Wang, H., and Qian, Y. (2005). “Mobilization of phenol and dichlorophenol in unsaturated soils by nonuniform electrokinetics.” Chemosphere, 59(9), 1289–1298.
Page, M. M., and Page, C. L. (2002). “Electroremediation of contaminated soils.” J. Environ. Eng., 128(3), 208–219.
Puppala, S. K., Alshawabkeh, A. N., Acar, Y. B., Gale, R. J., and Bricka, M. (1997). “Enhanced electrokinetic remediation of high sorption capacity soil.” J. Hazard. Mater., B55(1–3), 203–220.
Reddy, D. R., Danda, S., and Saichek, R. E. (2004). “Complicating factors of using ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid to enhance electrokinetic remediation of multiple heavy metals in clayey soils.” J. Environ. Eng., 130(11), 1357–1366.
Reddy, K. R., and Saichek, R. E. (2003). “Effect of soil type on electrokinetic removal of phenanthrence using surfactants and cosolvents.” J. Environ. Eng., 129(4), 336–346.
Saichek, R. E., and Reddy, K. R. (2003). “Effect of pH control at the anode for the electrokinetic removal of phenanthrene from kaolin soil.” Chemosphere, 51(2), 273–287.
Shapiro, A. P., and Probstein, R. F. (1993). “Removal of contaminants from saturated clay by electroosmosis.” Environ. Sci. Technol., 27(2), 283–291.
Virkutyte, J., Sillanpää, M., and Latostenmaa, P. (2002). “Electrokinetic soil remediation-critical overview.” Sci. Total Environ., 289(1–3), 97–121.
Yeung, A. T. (2006). “Fundamental aspects of prolonged electrokinetic flows in kaolinites.” Geomech. Geoeng., 1(1), 13–25.
Yeung, A. T., and Hsu, C. N. (2005). “Electrokinetic remediation of cadmium-contaminated clay.” J. Environ. Eng., 131(2), 298–304.
Yuan, C., and Weng, C. H. (2004). “Remediation ethylbenzene-contaminated clayed soil by a surfactant-aided electrokinetic (SAEK) process.” Chemosphere, 57(3), 225–232.
Yuan, S. H., Tian, M., and Lu, X. H. (2006). “Electrokinetic movement of hexachlorobenzene in clayed soils enhanced by Tween 80 and -cyclodextrin.” J. Hazard. Mater., B137(2), 1218–1225.
Zhou, D. M., Deng, C. F., and Cang, L. (2004). “Electrokinetic remediation of a Cu contaminated red soil by conditioning catholyte pH with different enhancing chemical reagents.” Chemosphere, 56(3), 265–273.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Copyright
© 2007 ASCE.
History
Received: May 1, 2006
Accepted: Jan 30, 2007
Published online: Jun 1, 2007
Published in print: Jun 2007
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.