XRD and Unconfined Compressive Strength Study for a Qualitative Examination of Calcium–Arsenic Compounds Retardation of Cement Hydration in Solidified/Stabilized Arsenic–Iron Hydroxide Sludge
Publication: Journal of Environmental Engineering
Volume 133, Issue 6
Abstract
This study investigates the adverse effects of synthesized arsenic–iron hydroxide sludge, the by-product of arsenic removal by coagulation with ferric chloride, on unconfined compressive strength (UCS) and cement hydration of solidified/stabilized matrices. The results from both UCS tests and X-ray diffraction (XRD) implied that synthesized arsenic–iron hydroxide sludge might not be chemically inert in a cementitious environment, which could account for the retardation of cement hydration. The culprit for this retardation is likely to be the multiphase formation of calcium arsenic compounds suggested by the strong peak at . This peak appeared when more than 20 and 13% of arsenic–iron hydroxide sludge were added to the solidification/stabilization process of cement–water and cement-hydrated lime–water systems, respectively. The proposed mechanisms for the retardation of cement hydration by calcium–arsenic compounds are calcium complexation and, subsequently, surface precipitation due to the interaction between desorbed arsenate and hydration by-products in a cement porewater environment. The extent of the hydration retardation is qualitatively determined by the semiquantitative comparison of and remaining after of hydration between the control samples and that with various doses of the sludge added. When 20 and 33% of the sludge were added into the matrices, the remaining and were more than that of the control sample by factors of 2 and 3.2, respectively.
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Acknowledgments
This research work was funded by the National Research Center for Environmental and Hazardous Waste Management (NRC-EHWM), Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand and the New Jersey Applied Water Research Center, New Jersey Institute of Technology (NJIT), Newark, N.J. The writers also would like to express gratitude to the National Metal and Materials Technology Center (MTEC), Patumtani, Thailand for the use of its XRD, especially Miss Yaowaluck for the instrumentation training. The insightful and helpful technical support from Associate Professor Gregory V. Lowry (Carnegie Mellon University) and Miss Akiko Uyeda (NRC-EHWM) is also gratefully acknowledged.
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Information & Authors
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Published In
Journal of Environmental Engineering
Volume 133 • Issue 6 • June 2007
Pages: 595 - 607
Copyright
© 2007 ASCE.
History
Received: Nov 21, 2005
Accepted: Jul 10, 2006
Published online: Jun 1, 2007
Published in print: Jun 2007
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