Optimal Design of Level 1 Redundant Water Distribution Networks Considering Nodal Storage
Publication: Journal of Environmental Engineering
Volume 133, Issue 3
Abstract
A water distribution network (WDN) is designed to meet time-varying demands with sufficient pressure, taking into consideration an appropriate demand during peak hours. Therefore, a network has inherent redundancy in the sense that under abnormal conditions such as those arising due to pipe breaks or pump failures, deficiency in supply during peak hours can be met through additional supply during off-peak periods. However, this necessitates a storage facility at the consumer end of the network, which is normally available in the form of a sump or an overhead tank in developing countries. Such a storage enables the consumer to store water during the off-peak period and then use it during the peak period. Reliability of a WDN is assessed herein considering nodal storage, and an iterative method is proposed for the optimal design of Level 1 redundant WDNs, i.e., networks that can sustain a single pipe failure without affecting consumer services either in part or in full. The method is illustrated through an example and the designs of a network with and without storage are compared. Provision of a nodal storage is found to reduce the total cost of the network.
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Acknowledgments
The writers would like to thank the anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments and offering suggestions to improve the manuscript. M.L. Agrawal wishes to thank the Ministry of Public Health Engineering Department, Government of Chhattisgarh, India, for granting permission to carry out the research work.
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Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Environmental Engineering
Volume 133 • Issue 3 • March 2007
Pages: 319 - 330
Copyright
© 2007 ASCE.
History
Received: Apr 11, 2005
Accepted: Oct 16, 2006
Published online: Mar 1, 2007
Published in print: Mar 2007
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