Adsorption of Carbon Disulfide in Water by Different Types of Activated Carbon—Equilibrium, Dynamics, and Mathematical Modeling
Publication: Journal of Environmental Engineering
Volume 133, Issue 3
Abstract
Adsorption equilibrium and kinetics of carbon disulfide in water by granular activated carbon (GAC), powdered activated carbon (PAC), and activated carbon fiber (ACF) were investigated and compared in an effort to elucidate the fundamentals for optimizing the control process design. It has been shown that the BET expression can satisfactorily describe the adsorption equilibrium of carbon disulfide ( ) on GAC, PAC, and ACF and the corresponding kinetic experimental data properly correlated with the second-order kinetic model, which indicates that the adsorption is the rate-limiting step. A two-phase mathematical model was developed to simulate transfer in fixed-bed operation filled with the GAC, PAC, and ACF, and the equilibrium and kinetics information is subsequently used in the model to characterize the dynamics of adsorption. The model includes mechanisms such as axial dispersion, advection, liquid-to-solid mass transport, and intraparticle mass transport by pore and surface diffusion. It is manifested that the model was able to predict the dynamic breakthrough curve of in a fixed-bed adsorption column filled with GAC, PAC, and ACF at varied conditions (standard deviations for is 12.13% and for is 16.12%), based on BET-3 equilibrium and second-order kinetics, which indicates that the methodology proposed by this work could be employed for adsorbents selection, adsorption design, and process optimization for waste-water emission control.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Acknowledgments
This research is based upon work supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China (Project No. UNSPECIFIED20507014). Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the writers and do not necessarily reflect the view of the supporting organizations. The writers are grateful to Yalin Wang for advice and troubleshooting the experimental apparatus and sample analysis.
References
Baldwin, P., et al. (1976). “Stratospheric aerosols and climatic change.” Nature (London), 263(5578), 551–555.
Bandosz, T. (1999). “Effect of pore structure and surface chemistry of virgin activated carbons on removal of hydrogen sulfide.” Carbon, 37(3), 483–491.
Bangham, D. H., and Razouk, R. I. (1937). “Adsorption and the wetiability of solid surfaces.” Trans. Faraday Soc., 33(11), 1459.
Barrett, E. P., Joyner, L. S., and Halenda, P. P. (1951). “The determination of pore volume and area distributions in porous substances. I. Computations from nitrogen isotherms.” J. Am. Chem. Soc., 73(1), 373–380.
Brunauer, S., Emmett, P. H., and Teller, E. (1938). “Adsorption of gases in multimolecular layers.” J. Am. Chem. Soc., 60(2), 309–319.
Calvet, R. (1989). “Adsorption of organic chemicals in soils.” Environ. Health Perspect., 83, 145–177.
Cheremisioff, P. N., and Ellerbush, F. (1978). Carbon adsorption handbook, Ann Arbor Science Publishers, Ann Arbor, Mich.
Chiou, M. S., and Li, H. Y. (2003). “Adsorption behavior of reactive dye in aqueous solution on chemical cross-linked chitosan beads.” Chemosphere, 50(8), 1095–1105.
Crittenden, J. C., et al. (1986). “Transport of organic compounds with saturated groundwater flow: Model development and parameter sensitivity.” Water Resour. Res., 22(3), 271–284.
Danckwerts, P. V. (1953). “Continuous flow systems: Distribution of residence times.” Chem. Eng. Sci., 2(1), 1–13.
Fan, H. L., et al. (1999). “Adsorption kinetics of from damp gas on activated carbon in a fixed bed.” Acta Sci. Circumst., 19(5), 489–493.
Finlayson, B. A. (1972). The method of weighted residuals and variational principle, Academic, New York.
Finlayson, B. A. (1980). Nonlinear analysis in chemical engineering, McGraw-Hill, New York.
Gear, C. W. (1971). Numerical initial value problems in ordinary differential equations, Prentice-Hall, Upper Saddle River, N.J.
Giles, C. H., et al. (1960). “Studies in adsorption: Part XI. A system of classification of solution adsorption isotherms, and its use in diagnosis of adsorption mechanisms and in measurement of specific surface areas of solids.” J. Chem. Soc., 1960(3), 3973–3993.
Guo, B., Li, C. H., and Xie, K. C. (2004). “FTIR study on behavior of adsorbing by activated carbon.” Coal Conversion, 27(1), 54–57.
Hanst, P. L., Speller, L. L., and Watts, D. M. (1975). “Infrared measurement off fluorocarbons, carbon tetrachloride, carbonyl sulphide and other atmospheric trace gases.” J. Air Pollut. Control Assoc., 25(12), 1220–1226.
Hashimoto, K., et al. (1979). “Change in pore structure of carbonaceous materials during activation and adsorption performance of activated carbon.” Ind. Eng. Chem. Prod. Res. Dev., 18(1), 72–80.
Hirzel, S. (1993). Carbon disulfide, Stuttgart, Germany, BUA83.
Horvath, G., and Kawazoe, K. (1983). “Method for the calculation of effective pore-size distribution in molecular-sieve carbon.” J. Chem. Eng. Jpn., 16(6), 470–475.
Hugler, W., Acosta, C., and Revah, S. (1999). “Biological removal of carbon disulfide from waste air streams.” Environ. Prog., 18(3), 173–177.
Jin, G. J., et al. (1999). “Study on kinetic behavior of adsorbing and by activated carbon using thermogravimetric technique.” Acta Sci. Circumst., 19(4), 379–383.
Konstantinou, I. K., and Albanis, T. A. (2000). “Adsorption-desorption studies of selected herbicides in soil-fly ash mixtures.” J. Agric. Food Chem., 48(10), 4780–4790.
McKay, G., and Ho, Y. S. (1999). “The sorption of lead ions on peat.” Water Res., 33(2), 578–584.
Milan, P., et al. (2005). “Kinetics of salicylic acid adsorption on activated carbon.” Langmuir, 21(7), 2988–2996.
Seybold, C. A., and Mersie, W. (1996). “Adsorption and desorption of Atrazine, Deethylatrazine, Deisopropylatarazine, Hydroxyatrazine and Metolachlor in two soils from Virginia.” J. Environ. Qual., 25(6), 1179–1185.
Shizuo, K., et al. (1993). “Reduction of low concentration NO with at ambient temperatures over pitch based active carbon fibers further activated with sulfuric acid.” Chem. Soc. Jpn., 6, 694–702.
Veksler, K. V., Volkova, E. N., and Vol’berg, N. S. (2003). “Spectrophotometric determination of carbon disulfide using bis(4-( -nitrophenyl)azo-2-nitrophenyl) disuffide.” J. Anal. Chem. USSR, 58(12), 1108–1113.
Wang, L., Zhang, F., and Chen, J. M. (2001). “Carbonyl sulfide derived from catalytic oxidation of carbon disulfide over atmospheric particles.” Environ. Sci. Technol., 35(12), 2543–2547.
Weber, P. N., McGinley, W. J., and Katz, L. E. (1992). “A distributed reactivity model for sorption by soils and sediments. 1. Conceptual basis and equilibrium assessments.” Environ. Sci. Technol., 26(10), 1955–1962.
Wood, W. P., and Heicklen, J. (1971). “The photooxidation of carbon disulfide.” J. Phys. Chem., 75(7), 854–860.
Wu, F. C., Tseng, R. L., and Juang, R. S. (2000). “Comparative adsorption of metal and dye on flake- and bead-types of chitosans prepared from fishery wastes.” J. Hazard. Mater., 73(1), 63–75.
Wu, F. C., Tseng, R. L., and Juang, R. S. (2001). “Enhanced abilities of highly swollen chitosan beads for color removal and tyrosinase immobilization.” J. Hazard. Mater., 81(1–2), 167–177.
Yang, J., et al. (2003a). “Dynamic mathematical modeling of an isothermal three-phase reactor.” J. Environ. Eng., 129(7), 586–594.
Yang, J., et al. (2003b). “Catalytic wet oxidation process modeling for multi-component water recycling.” Water Environ. Res., 75(2), 180–189.
Yang, J. et al. (2003c). “Application of an isothermal, three-phase catalytic reactor model to predict unsteady-state fixed-bed performance.” Environ. Sci. Technol., 37(2), 428–436.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Copyright
© 2007 ASCE.
History
Received: Dec 20, 2005
Accepted: Aug 15, 2006
Published online: Mar 1, 2007
Published in print: Mar 2007
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.