Effects of Bromide Ion and Natural Organic Matter Fractions on the Formation and Speciation of Chlorination By-Products
Publication: Journal of Environmental Engineering
Volume 133, Issue 10
Abstract
The impacts of bromide concentration and natural organic matter (NOM) characteristics on the formation and speciation of disinfection by-products (DBPs) in chlorinated NOM fractions were investigated. A total of 20 bulk water NOM fractions with a wide range of specific ultraviolet (UV) absorbance values were obtained from a source water employing XAD-8 or XAD-4 resin adsorption in completely mixed batch reactors. SUVA was not a good predictor of DBP [trihalomethanes (THMs), haloacetic acids (HAAs), and adsorbable organic halogens (AOX)] formation and speciation. The destruction in the absorbance from chlorination did not correlate with DBP formation at any bromide level. NOM moieties which do not absorb UV light at significantly contributed to DBP formation. Mass balance calculations on halogens using THMs, HAAs, and AOX data indicated that significant amounts of DBPs ( of AOX) other than THMs and HAAs were formed in NOM fractions with bromide concentration. The relative occurrence of such other halogenated by-products decreased with increasing bromide concentrations up to level. NOM in the studied water was more susceptible to the formation of brominated THM species as opposed to brominated HAAs. At constant dissolved organic carbon concentration, chlorine dose and pH, increasing bromide concentrations in NOM fractions increased the total concentrations of DBPs and resulted in a shift toward the formation of brominated species. Further, increasing bromide concentrations increased the spectrum of detected species (i.e., occurrence of all nine HAAs) and provided a competitive advantage to THM and HAA precursors in NOM over precursors of other DBPs.
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Acknowledgments
This work was supported in part by a research grant from the Turkish State Planning Organization (DPT) (Project No. DPT.2003K120920-01); however, this work was not subjected to DPT’s peer and policy review and therefore does not necessarily reflect the views of DPT and no official endorsement should be inferred.
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Published In
Journal of Environmental Engineering
Volume 133 • Issue 10 • October 2007
Pages: 947 - 954
Copyright
© 2007 ASCE.
History
Received: Apr 24, 2006
Accepted: Apr 16, 2007
Published online: Oct 1, 2007
Published in print: Oct 2007
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