Pollution Buildup on Road Surfaces

Samples of sediment found on an urban road in Aberdeen (Scotland) were collected by washing designated surfaces. This method, called the “wet” method, was capable of collecting sediment of the smallest particle size range that is normally left behind by traditional sampling techniques using dry vacuuming. Over 17 months (mainly on a weekly basis), 66 samples were collected and analyzed for sediment loading, particle size distribution, concentration of heavy metals (Zn, Cu, Pb, Cd) in four sediment size fractions, and several dissolved pollutants in the effluent collected from washing ( $\mathrm{NO}_3{}^{-},\mathrm{SO}_4{}^{2-},\mathrm{PO}_4{}^{3-},{\mathrm{Cl}}^{-},{\mathrm{F}}^{-},\mathrm{NH}_4{}^{+}$ , total organic carbon, total carbon). Standard statistical methods, including multiple regressions, were used to determine relationships amongst different sediment characteristics. It was found that sediment loading, as well as concentrations of ${\mathrm{Cl}}^{-}$ and ${\mathrm{SO}}_4^{2-}$ , were highest in the winter months, especially when snow was present on the road surface. It was observed that 66% of total road sediment loading was found within a 0.5 m strip next to the curb. The average sediment particle sizes found were smaller than those previously recorded in the literature. As expected, the concentrations of heavy metals were highest in the smallest particle size fraction analyzed $(<63\mu \mathrm{m})$ , and this occurred during the summer months when less sediment was available on the street surface. The antecedent dry weather period had a very weak and negative influence on the loading rate of the smallest particle size fraction next to the curb.