Partitioning Analog for Metal Elements in Urban Rainfall-Runoff Overland Flow Using the Soil Conservation Service Curve Number Concept
Publication: Journal of Environmental Engineering
Volume 130, Issue 2
Abstract
Employing the basic proportionality concept of the popular Soil Conservation Service curve number (SCS-CN) methodology, 12 metal elements, Zn, Cd, Pb, Ni, Mn, Fe, Cr, Mg, Al, Ca, Cu, and Na, are partitioned between dissolved and particulate bound forms. Study results are based on observed runoff-water quality data for a 300 m2 instrumented paved urban site in Cincinnati, Ohio. In the SCS-CN method, the parameter CN represents the degree of saturation (%) for a watershed loaded by a 10 in. (254 mm) base precipitation amount and leads to the derivation of (a) the seldom explored potential maximum retention (S)–curve number (CN) mapping relation, and (b) a relationship between the antecedent 5 day precipitation amount and the antecedent moisture conditions (AMC). In order to apply this metal partitioning analog, two parameters, the potential maximum desorption ψ and the partitioning curve number (PCN), are postulated as analogous to the SCS-CN parameters S and CN, respectively. These parameters are introduced, along with ψ-PCN and ψ-ADP, where ADP is the antecedent dry period similar to the AMC. Based on these parameters analogous relationships are developed. During a rainfall-runoff event at the upper end of the urban watershed (residence times of less than 1 h), ψ was found to depend on the alkalinity and pH of the rainfall runoff for a given set of physical and chemical particulate characteristics and residence time. The PCN-based ranking of metals is found to be in general agreement with that available in the literature.
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Information
Published In
Journal of Environmental Engineering
Volume 130 • Issue 2 • February 2004
Pages: 145 - 154
Copyright
Copyright © 2004 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Nov 8, 2000
Accepted: May 23, 2002
Published online: Jan 16, 2004
Published in print: Feb 2004
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