TECHNICAL NOTES
Sep 15, 2003

Influence of Portland Cement Type on Unconfined Compressive Strength and Linear Expansion of Cement-Stabilized Phosphogypsum

Publication: Journal of Environmental Engineering
Volume 129, Issue 10

Abstract

This technical note summarizes the results of a laboratory-testing program aimed at evaluating the engineering properties of cement-stabilized phosphogypsum mixtures for road base and subbase construction. Phosphogypsum is a solid byproduct of the production of phosphoric acid, a major constituent of many fertilizers that has chemical and radioactive properties may cause environmental problems. For every ton of phosphoric acid produced, approximately 5.0 tons of phosphogypsum are generated. This magnifies the problem of dealing with growing phosphogypsum stockpiles. The research program described herein, covered the physical characterization of phosphogypsum, and tests that uncovered the influence of cement type and content, curing time, and compaction energy on its unconfined compressive strength and expansion. The laboratory results indicate that cement-stabilized phosphogypsum mixtures have potential applications as road base and subbase materials.

Get full access to this article

View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.

References

American Society for Testing Materials. (2001). “Standard specification for Portland cement.” ASTM C150, Philadelphia.
American Society for Testing Material. (1991). “Test method for moisture-density relations of soils and soil-aggregate mixtures, using 10-lb (4.54-kg) rammer and 18-in. (457-mm) drop.” ASTM D1557, Philadelphia.
American Society for Testing Material. (1991). “Test method for moisture-density relations of soils and soil-aggregate mixtures, using 5.5-lb (2.49-kg) rammer and 12-in. (304.8-mm) drop.” ASTM D698, Philadelphia.
American Society for Testing Materials. (1996). “Standard practice foruse of apparatus for the determination of length change of hardened cement paste, mortar and concrete.” ASTM C490, West Conshohocken, Pa.
American Society for Testing Materials (1997). “Standard specification for blended hydraulic cements.” ASTM C597M, West Conshohocken, Pa.
Associação Brasileira de Normas Técnicas (1991). “Portland cement composed.” NBR 11578, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (in Portuguese).
Associação Brasileira de Normas Técnicas (1992). “Cohesive soils—Unconfined compression strength determination.” NBR 12770, Rio de Janeiro.
González, M., and Irassar, E.(1997). “Ettringite formation in low C3A Portland cement exposed to sodium sulfate solution.” Cem. Concr. Res., 27(7), 1061–1072.
Gutti, C. S., Roy, A., Metcalf, J. B., and Seals, R. K.(1996). “The influence of admixtures on the strength and linear expansion of cement-stabilized phosphogypsum.” Cem. Concr. Res., 26(7), 1083–1094.
Kobayashi, A. R. K., and Parreira, A. B. (2002). “The influence of cement type on the expansion of cement-stabilized phosphogypsum.” Proc., 4th Int. Congress on Environmental Geotechnics, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, Swets and Zeitlinger, Lisse, The Netherlands, 597–602.
Nifong, G. D., and Harris, J. K. (1993). “Environmental monitoring of Polk and Columbia Counties experimental phosphogypsum roads.” Final Rep., Florida Institute of Phosphate Research, Bartow, Fl.
Ortiz, J. A. (1997). “Study of the soil and phosphogypsum mixtures for use in road construction.” MS thesis, EESC/USP, Brazil (in Portuguese).
Parente, E. B. (2002). “Evaluation of the mechanical behavior of cement-stabilized phosphogypsum and soil cement for use in road construction.” MS thesis, EESC/USP, Brazil (in Portuguese).
Silvestre, O. B., Jr. (2002). “Cement-stabilized phosphogypsum for application in road construction—the influence of cement type on the strength and deformability of the mixture.” MS thesis, EESC/USP, Brazil (in Portuguese).
Taha, R., Seals, R. K., Tittlebaum, M., and Saylak, D. (1995). “Environmental characteristics of byproduct gypsum.” Transportation Research Record 1486, 21–26, Washington, D.C., 62B67.
Takeda, M. C., and Parreira, A. B. (2000). “The use of cement-stabilized phosphogypsum mixes in road construction.” Proc., GeoEng2000—Conf. on Geotechnical and Geological Engineering, Melbourne, Australia. Technomic, Lancaster, Pa. (CD-ROM).
Tittlebaum, M. E., Thimmegowda, H., Seals, R. K., and Jones, S. C. (1995). “Leachate generation from raw and cement-stabilized phosphogypsum.” Transportation Research Record, 1486, 27–34, Washington, D.C., 62B67.

Information & Authors

Information

Published In

Go to Journal of Environmental Engineering
Journal of Environmental Engineering
Volume 129Issue 10October 2003
Pages: 956 - 960

History

Received: Apr 18, 2003
Accepted: Apr 18, 2003
Published online: Sep 15, 2003
Published in print: Oct 2003

Permissions

Request permissions for this article.

Authors

Affiliations

A. B. Parreira
Assistant Professor, Univ. of São Paulo, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil.
A. R. K. Kobayashi
Univ. of São Paulo, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil.
O. B. Silvestre, Jr.
Univ. of São Paulo, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil.

Metrics & Citations

Metrics

Citations

Download citation

If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.

Cited by

View Options

Get Access

Access content

Please select your options to get access

Log in/Register Log in via your institution (Shibboleth)
ASCE Members: Please log in to see member pricing

Purchase

Save for later Information on ASCE Library Cards
ASCE Library Cards let you download journal articles, proceedings papers, and available book chapters across the entire ASCE Library platform. ASCE Library Cards remain active for 24 months or until all downloads are used. Note: This content will be debited as one download at time of checkout.

Terms of Use: ASCE Library Cards are for individual, personal use only. Reselling, republishing, or forwarding the materials to libraries or reading rooms is prohibited.
ASCE Library Card (5 downloads)
$105.00
Add to cart
ASCE Library Card (20 downloads)
$280.00
Add to cart
Buy Single Article
$35.00
Add to cart

Get Access

Access content

Please select your options to get access

Log in/Register Log in via your institution (Shibboleth)
ASCE Members: Please log in to see member pricing

Purchase

Save for later Information on ASCE Library Cards
ASCE Library Cards let you download journal articles, proceedings papers, and available book chapters across the entire ASCE Library platform. ASCE Library Cards remain active for 24 months or until all downloads are used. Note: This content will be debited as one download at time of checkout.

Terms of Use: ASCE Library Cards are for individual, personal use only. Reselling, republishing, or forwarding the materials to libraries or reading rooms is prohibited.
ASCE Library Card (5 downloads)
$105.00
Add to cart
ASCE Library Card (20 downloads)
$280.00
Add to cart
Buy Single Article
$35.00
Add to cart

Media

Figures

Other

Tables

Share

Share

Copy the content Link

Share with email

Email a colleague

Share