Relating Batch and Column Diffusion Coefficients for Leachable Contaminants in Particulate Waste Materials
Publication: Journal of Environmental Engineering
Volume 129, Issue 10
Abstract
For constructed facilities in which waste materials are used as partial substitutes for traditional aggregates, it is usually necessary to perform contaminant leachability tests to assess the long-term emission of contaminants from the facilities during service. Such tests can be performed under batch and column flow-through conditions. It is usually desirable to establish the relationship between leached contaminant concentrations obtained through both tests. Using Al and Cu diffusion coefficients as the target parameter, an analytical model is developed and presented herein with experimental data from acidic solution (pH of 4.5) leach testing of asphalt concrete that was amended with municipal solid waste incinerator bottom ash in weight percentages ranging from 0 to 20 to assess the equivalence of both sets of leaching conditions. The results for Al show that at higher column flowrates indexed by Peclet numbers in excess of 5.5, there is no defined relationship between Al diffusion coefficients obtained through both methods. Fluid flow at lower Peclet numbers approach batch conditions and afford an opportunity for the use of the analytical model presented in this paper provided comparisons are made at equivalent liquid/solid ratios. The values of the batch diffusion coefficients obtained for Al are of the order of For column leaching of Al, the range is No measurable quantity of Cu was obtained under both batch and column leaching conditions.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
Alba, N., Vazquez, E., Gasso, S., and Baldasano, J. M.(2001). “Stabilization/solidification of MSW incineration residues from facilities with different air pollution control systems. Duration of matrices versus carbonation.” Waste Manage., 21, 313–323.
Andersson, A. C., and Stromvall, A.(2001). “Leaching of concrete admixtures containing thiocyanates and resin acids.” Environ. Sci. Technol., 25, 788–793.
Andres, A., Ortiz, I., Viguri, J. R., and Irabien, A.(1995). “Long-term behavior of toxic metals in stabilized steel foundry dusts.” J. Hazard. Mat., 40, 31–42.
Barna, R., Sanchez, F., Moszkowich, P., and Mehu, J.(1997). “Leaching behavior of pollans in stabilized/solidified wastes.” J. Hazard. Mat., 52, 287–310.
Batchelor, B.(1990). “Leach models: Theory and application.” J. Hazard. Mat., 24, 255–266.
Bear, J. (1969). “Hydrodynamic dispersion.” Flow in porous media, R. J. M. De Wiest, ed., Academic, New York, 530.
Boltzmann, L.(1894). Ann. Phys. Chemie., 53, 959.
Brouwers, H. J. H.(1997). “Leaching model for multiple immersed materials and for granular materials flushed in a column.” J. Hazard. Mat., 53, 1–17.
Brown, T. M., Bishop, P. L., and Gress, D. L. (1986). “Use of an upflow column leaching test to study the release patterns of heavy metals from stabilized solidified heavy metal sludges.” Hazardous and industrial solid waste testing and disposal, ASTM STP-933, 6, 79–90.
Crank, J. (1975). The mathematics of diffusion, Oxford University Press, London.
Dijkatra, J. J., van der Sloot, H. A., and Comans, R. N. J.(2002). “Process identification and model development of contaminant transport in MSWI bottom ash.” Waste Manage., 22, 531–541.
Fleming, L. N., Abinteh, H., and Inyang, H. I.(1996). “Leachant pH effects on the leachability of metals from ash.” J. Soil Contaminat., 5(1), 53–59.
Fleming, L. N., and Inyang, H. I.(1995). “The permeability of clay-modified fly ash under thermal gradient.” J. Mater. Eng., 7(3), 178–182.
Grant, M. W., and Merrell, G. B. (1985). “Models for the estimation of the leaching of radionuclide from low-level waste disposal facilities.” Proc., Symp. on Waste Management, Tucson, Ariz., Vol. 1, 189–196.
Inyang, H. I. (1992). “Energy-related waste materials in geotechnical systems: durability and environmental considerations.” Proc., 2nd Int. Conf. on Environmental Issues and Management in Energy and Mineral Production, Calgary, Canada, 1165–1173.
Inyang, H. I., Ogunro, V. O., and Hooper, F.(2003). “Simplified calculation of maximum allowable contaminant concentration in waste-amended construction materials.” Resour. Conservation, and Recycling, 39(1), 19–32.
Kim, J. Y., Kim, C. L., and Chung, C. H.(2001). “Leaching characteristics of paraffin waste forms generated from Korean nuclear power plants.” Waste Manage., 21, 325–333.
Levenspiel, O. (1972). Chemical reaction engineering, Wiley, New York.
Lombardi, F., Mangialardi, T., Piga, L., and Sirini, P.(1998). “Mechanical and leaching properties of cement solidified hospital solid waste incinerator fly ash.” Waste Manage., 18, 99–106.
Lowenbach, W. A. (1978). “Compilation and evaluation of leaching test methods.” EPA-600/2-78-095, Cincinnati.
Moszkowich, P., Sanchez, F., Barna, R., and Mehu, J.(1998). “Pollutants leaching behavior from solidified wastes: A selection of adapted various models.” Talanta, 46, 375–383.
Mroueh, U., and Wahlstrom, M.(2002). “Byproducts and recycles materials in earth construction in Finland—An assessment of applicability.” Resour., Conservation, and Recycling, 35, 117–129.
Oturkar, A. (2001). “Investigation of heavy metal leachability from boiler aggregate amended asphalt concrete.” MS thesis, Univ. of Massachusetts at Lowell, Lowell, Mass.
Park, J., and Batchelor, B.(2002). “A multicomponent numerical leach model coupled with a general chemical spciation code.” Water Res., 36, 156–166.
Poon, C. S., Chen, Z. Q., and Wai, O.(1999). “A flow-through leaching model for monolithic chemically stabilized/solidified hazardous waste.” J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc., 49, 469–575.
Poon, C. S., and Chen, Z. Q.(1999). “Comparison of the characteristics of flow-through and flow-around leaching tests of solidified heavy metal wastes.” Chemosphere, 38(3), 663–680.
Praharaj, T., Powell, M. A., Hart, B. R., and Tripathy, S.(2002). “Leachability of elements from sub-bituminous coal fly ash from India.” Environ. Int., 27, 609–615.
Querol, X., Umana, J. C., Alastuey, A., Ayora, C., Lopez-Soler, A., and Plana, F.(2001). “Extraction of soluble major and trace elements from fly ash in open and closed leaching systems.” Fuel, 80, 801–813.
Rankers, R., and Hohberg, I. (1991). “Leaching tests for concrete containing fly ash. Evaluation and mechanism.” Proc., Int. Conf. on Environmental Implications of Construction with Waste Materials, Studies in Environmental Science, Vol. 48, Elsevier Science, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 275.
Reddi, L. N., and Inyang, H. I. (2000). Geoenvironmental engineering: Principles and applications, Marcel Dekker, New York.
Taha, R. A., Inyang, H. I., and Saylak, D.(1992). “The use of flue gas desulfurization gypsum in embankment construction.” Int. J. Environ. Issues Min. Energy Industry, 1(2), 79–82.
United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). (1982). “Guide to the disposal of chemically stabilized and solidified waste.” SW-872, Washington, D.C.
United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). (1985). “Solid waste leaching procedure manual.” SW-924, Cincinnati.
van der Sloot, H. A.(1996). “Developments in evaluating environmental impact from utilization of bulk inert wastes using laboratory leaching tests and field verification.” Waste Manage., 16(1–3), 65–81.
Villalba, G., Segarra, M., Fernandez, A. I., Chimenos, J. M., and Espiell, F.(2002). “A proposal for quantifying the recyclability of materials.” Resources, Conservation, and Recycling, 37, 39–53.
Youcai, Z., Lijie, S., and Guojian, L.(2002). “Chemical stabilization of MSW incinerator fly ashes.” J. Hazard. Mat., 95(1–2), 47–63.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Copyright
Copyright © 2003 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Apr 18, 2003
Accepted: Apr 18, 2003
Published online: Sep 15, 2003
Published in print: Oct 2003
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.