Acidification of Lactose in Wastewater
Publication: Journal of Environmental Engineering
Volume 127, Issue 9
Abstract
Acidification of lactose in wastewater was conducted in four series of experiments in an upflow reactor to investigate individual effects of hydraulic retention time (HRT) (2–24 h), lactose concentration in wastewater (2–30 g COD/L), pH (4.0–6.5), and temperature (20°–60°C). Optimum acidification was found at pH 5.5 and 55°C. Acidification increased with HRT, but with the decrease of lactose concentration in wastewater. Degradation of lactose followed the Michaelis-Menten model with a maximum specific degradation rate of 4.39 g/g VSS⋅day and a half-rate concentration of 1.97 g/L. Production of volatile fatty acids, in general, favored lower lactose concentrations and higher pH, but was not sensitive to HRT and temperature. Distribution of individual volatile fatty acids/alcohols was dependent on lactose concentration, pH, and temperature, but less sensitive to HRT. Under most conditions acetate, propionate, and ethanol were the predominant products. Biogas produced under all test conditions was composed of mostly hydrogen and carbon dioxide, but no detectable methane. Sludge yield was estimated as 0.230 ± 0.021 g VSS/g COD.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
1.
American Public Health Association (APHA), American Water Works Association (AWWA), and Water Environment Federation (WEF). ( 1992). Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater, 18th Ed., American Public Health Association, Washington, D.C.
2.
Argelier, S., Delgenes, J. P., and Moletta, R. ( 1998). “Design of acidogenic reactors for the anaerobic treatment of organic fraction of solid food waste.” Bioproc. Engrg., 18, 309–315.
3.
Borja, R., Martin, A., Duran, M. M., Luque, M., and Alonso, V. ( 1994). “Kinetic study of anaerobic digestion of brewery wastewater.” Proc. Biochem., 29(5), 645–650.
4.
Breure, A. M., and van Andel, J. G. ( 1984). “Hydrolysis and acidogenic fermentation of a protein, gelatin, in an anaerobic continuous culture.” Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 20, 45–49.
5.
Chartrain, M., and Zeikus, J. G. ( 1986). “Microbial ecophysiology of whey biomethanation: Intermediate metabolism of lactose degradation in continuous culture.” Appl. Envir. Microbiology, 51, 180–187.
6.
Cohen, A., Breure, A. M., van Andel, J. G., and van Deursen, A. ( 1979). “Anaerobic digestion of glucose with separated acid production and methane formation.” Water Res., 13(4), 571–580.
7.
Dinopoulou, G., Rudd, T., and Lester, J. N. ( 1988). “Anaerobic acidogenesis of a complex wastewater: 1. The influence of operational parameters on reactor performance.” Biotechnol. Bioengrg., 31, 958–968.
8.
Dubois, M., Gilles, K. A., Hamilton, J. K., Rebers, P. A., and Smith, F. ( 1956). “Colorimetric method for determination of sugars and related substance.” Analytical Chem., 28(3), 350–356.
9.
Eastman, J. A., and Ferguson, J. F. ( 1981). “Solubilization of particulate organic carbon during the acid phase of anaerobic digestion.” J. Water Pollution Control Fedn., 53(3), 352–366.
10.
Elefsiniotis, P., and Oldham, W. K. (1994). “Effect of HRT on acidogenic digestion of primary sludge.”J. Envir. Engrg., ASCE, 120(3), 645–660.
11.
Fang, H. H. P., Chen, T., Li, Y. Y., and Chui, H. K. ( 1996). “Degradation of phenol in wastewater in upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor.” Water Res., 30(6), 1353–1360.
12.
Fang, H. H. P., and Chui, H. K. (1993). “Maximum COD loading capacity at UASB at 37°C.”J. Envir. Engrg., ASCE, 119(1), 103–119.
13.
Fang, H. H. P., and Chung, D. W. C. ( 1999). “Anaerobic treatment of proteinaceous wastewater under mesophilic and thermophilic conditions.” Water Sci. and Technol., 40, 77–84.
14.
Fang, H. H. P., Li, Y. Y., and Chui, H. K. (1995). “UASB treatment of wastewater with concentrated mixed VFA.”J. Envir. Engrg., ASCE, 121(2), 153–160.
15.
Fang, H. H. P., and Yu, H. Q. (2000). “Effect of HRT on mesophilic acidogenesis of dairy wastewater.”J. Envir. Engrg., ASCE, 126(12), 1145–1148.
16.
Ghaly, A. E. ( 1996). “A comparative study of anaerobic digestion of acid cheese whey and dairy manure in a two-stage reactor.” Biores. Technol., 58, 61–72.
17.
Ghosh, S., Buoy, K., Dressel, L., Miller, T., Wilcox, G., and Loos, D. ( 1995). “Pilot- and full-scale two-phase anaerobic digestion of municipal sludge.” Water Envir. Res., 67(2), 206–214.
18.
Henry, M. P., Sajjad, A., and Ghosh, S. ( 1987). “The effects of environmental factors on acid-phase digestion of sewage sludge.” Proc., 42nd Purdue Industrial Waste Conf., 727–737.
19.
Jones, D. T., and Woods, D. R. ( 1986). “Acetone-butanol fermentation revisited.” Microbiol. Rev., 50, 484–524.
20.
Kalyuzhnyi, S. V., Martinez, E. P., and Martinez, J. R. ( 1997). “Anaerobic treatment of high-strength cheese-whey wastewaters in laboratory and pilot UASB reactors.” Biores. Technol., 60, 59–65.
21.
Kissalita, W. S., Lo, K. V., and Pinder, K. L. ( 1989). “Kinetics of whey-lactose acidogenesis.” Biotechnol. Bioengrg., 33, 623–630.
22.
Kissalita, W. S., Pinder, K. L., and Lo, K. V. ( 1987). “Acidogenic fermentation of lactose.” Biotechnol. Bioengrg., 30, 88–95.
23.
Kwong, T. S., and Fang, H. H. P. (1996). “Anaerobic degradation of cornstarch in wastewater in two upflow reactors.”J. Envir. Engrg., ASCE, 122(1), 9–17.
24.
Lang, E., and Lang, H. ( 1972). “Spezifische farbreaktion zum directen nachweis der ameisensure.” Zeitschrift fur Analytische Chimie, 260, 8–10.
25.
Lee, Y. J., Miyahara, T., and Noike, T. ( 1999). “Effect of pH on the microbial hydrogen fermentation.” Proc., 2nd Int. Symp. on Anaerobic Digestion of Solid Waste, 231–238.
26.
Pavlostathis, S. G., and Giraldo-Gomez, E. ( 1991). “Kinetics of anaerobic treatment: A critical review.” Crit. Rev. in Envir. Sci. Technol., 21, 411–490.
27.
Penaud, V., Delgenes, J. P., Torrijos, M., Moletta, R., Vanhoutte, B., and Cans, P. ( 1997). “Definition of optimal conditions for the hydrolysis and acidogenesis of a pharmaceutical microbial biomass.” Proc. Biochem., 32, 515–521.
28.
Pohland, F. G., and Ghosh, S. ( 1971). “Developments in anaerobic stabilization of organic wastes, the two-phase concept.” Envir. Technol. Letters, 1, 255–266.
29.
Shieh, W. K., Chun, T. L., and Shen, S. J. ( 1985). “Performance evaluation of the anaerobic fluidized-bed system: III. Process kinetics.” J. Chem. Tech. Biotech., 35B, 229–234.
30.
Siso, M. I. G. ( 1996). “The biotechnological utilization of cheese whey: A review.” Biores. Technol., 57, 1–11.
31.
Yang, S. T., Zhu, H., Li, Y., and Hong, G. ( 1994). “Continuous propionate production from whey permeate using a novel fibrous bed bioreactor.” Biotech. Bioengrg., 43, 1124–1130.
32.
Yu, H. Q., and Fang, H. H. P. ( 2000). “Thermophilic acidification of dairy wastewater.” Appl. Microb. Biotech., 54, 439–444.
33.
Zoetemeyer, R. J., Arnoldy, P., Cohen, A., and Boelhouwer, C. ( 1982b). “Influence of temperature on the anaerobic acidification of glucose in a mixed culture forming part of a two-stage digestion process.” Water Res., 16, 313–321.
34.
Zoetemeyer, R. J., Borgerding, P. H., van den Heuvel, J. C., Cohen, A., and Boelhouwer, C. ( 1982c). “Pilot scale anaerobic acidification of waste water containing sucrose and lactate.” Biomass, 2, 201–211.
35.
Zoetemeyer, R. J., van den Heuvel, J. C., and Cohen, A. ( 1982a). “pH influence on acidogenic dissimilation of glucose in an anaerobic digestor.” Water Res., 16, 303–311.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Environmental Engineering
Volume 127 • Issue 9 • September 2001
Pages: 825 - 831
History
Received: Dec 19, 2000
Published online: Sep 1, 2001
Published in print: Sep 2001
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.