Contaminant Adsorption and Oxidation via Fenton Reaction
Publication: Journal of Environmental Engineering
Volume 126, Issue 7
Abstract
A ground-water treatment process is described in which contaminants are adsorbed onto granulated activated carbon (GAC) containing fixed iron oxide. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is amended to the GAC suspension and reacts with the iron, forming hydroxyl radicals (˙OH). The radicals react with and oxidize sorbed and soluble contaminants regenerating the carbon surface. Laboratory results are presented in which 2-chlorophenol (2CP) was first adsorbed to GAC and subsequently oxidized via the Fenton-driven mechanism. Transformation of 2CP was indicated by the formation of carboxylic acids and Cl−release. The treatment efficiency of 2CP, defined as the molar ratio of Cl−released to H2O2 consumed, increased with increasing amounts of iron oxide and 2CP on the GAC. The extent of 2CP oxidation increased with H2O2 concentration. Lower treatment efficiency was evident at the highest H2O2 concentration utilized (2.1 M) and was attributed to increased ˙OH scavenging by H2O2. Aggressive oxidation procedures used in sequential adsorption/oxidation cycles did not alter the GAC surface to a degree that significantly interfered with subsequent 2CP adsorption reactions. Although process feasibility has not yet been established beyond bench-scale, experimental results illustrate the potential utility of the adsorption/oxidation process in aboveground systems or permeable reactive barriers for the treatment of contaminated ground water.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
1.
Boltz, D. F. and Howell, J. A., eds. (1978). Colorimetric determination of non-metals, Wiley-Interscience Publications, New York, and Wiley, New York.
2.
Buxton, G. V., Greenstock, C., Hellman, W. P., and Ross, A. B. (1988). “Critical review of rate constants for reactions of hydrated electrons, hydrogen atoms, and hydroxyl radicals (˙OHO−) in aqueous solution.” J. Phys. Chem. Reference Data, 17(2), 513–886.
3.
Dorfman, L. M., and Adams, G. E. (1973). “Reactivity of the hydroxyl radical.” Rep. No. NSRDS-NBS-46, National Bureau of Standards, Washington, D.C.
4.
Gates, D. D., and Siegrist, R. L. (1995). “In-situ chemical oxidation of trichloroethylene using hydrogen peroxide.”J. Envir. Engrg., ASCE, 121(9), 639–644.
5.
Getoff, N., and Solar, S. (1986). “Radiolysis and pulse radiolysis of chlorinated phenols in aqueous solutions.” Int. J. Radiation Applications and Instrumentation, Part C, Radiation, Physics and Chemistry, Oxford, England, 28(5–6), 443–450.
6.
Haag, W. R., and Yao, C. C. D. (1992). “Rate constants for reaction of hydroxyl radicals with several drinking water contaminants.” Envir. Sci. and Technol., 26(5), 1005–1013.
7.
Heberer, T., and Stan, H. (1997). “Detection of more than 50 substituted phenols as their tert-butyldimethylsilyl derivatives using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.” Anal Chim. Acta, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 341, 21–34.
8.
Huling, S. G., Arnold, R. G., Jones, P. K., and Sierka, R. A. (2000). “Predicting Fenton-driven degradation using contaminant analog.”J. Envir. Engrg., ASCE, 126(4), 348–353.
9.
Huling, S. G., Arnold, R. G., Sierka, R. A., and Miller, M. R. (1998). “Measurement of hydroxyl radical activity in a soil slurry using 4POBN.” Envir. Sci. and Technol., 32(21), 3436–3441.
10.
Lipczynska-Kochany, E., Gregor, S., and Harms, S. (1995). “Influence of some groundwater and surface waters constituents on the degradation of 4-chlorophenol by the Fenton reaction.” Chemosphere, 30(1), 9– 20.
11.
Mawhinney, T. (1983). “Separation and analysis of sulfate, phosphate and other oxyanions as their tert-butyldimethylsilyl derivatives by gas-liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry.” J. Chromatography, 257, 37–44.
12.
Mawhinney, T., Robinett, R., Atalay, A., and Madson, M. J. (1986). “Gas-liquid chromatography and mass spectral analysis of mono-, di-, and tricarboxylates as their tert-butyldimethylsilyl derivatives.” J. Chromatography, 361, 117–130.
13.
O'Brien, K., Keyes, G., and Sherman, N. (1997). “Implementation of a funnel and gate remediation system.” Proc., Int. Containment Technol. Conf. and Exhibition, 895–901.
14.
Pignatello, J. J. (1992). “Dark and photoassisted Fe3+-catalyzed degradation of chlorophenoxyl herbicides by hydrogen peroxide.” Envir. Sci. and Technol., 26(5), 944–951.
15.
Ravikumar, J. X., and Gurol, M. D. (1994). “Chemical oxidation of chlorinated organics by hydrogen peroxide in the presence of sand.” Envir. Sci. and Technol., 28(3), 394–400.
16.
U.S. EPA. (1991). “Subsurface contamination reference guide.” Rep. No. EPA/540/2-90/011, Ofc. of Emergency and Remedial Response, Washington, D.C.
17.
U.S. EPA ( 1995). “Total nitric acid extractable metals from solids and sludges by microwave digestion.” Standard Operating Procedure No. 80, Robert S. Kerr Envir. Res. Ctr., Ada, Okla.
18.
U.S. EPA ( 1996). “ICP operation by TJA Mark II system.” Standard Operating Procedure No. 181, Robert S. Kerr Envir. Res. Ctr., Ada, Okla.
19.
Walling, C. (1995). “Fenton's reagent revisited.” Accounts of Chemical Res., 8, 125–131.
20.
Watts, R. J., Udell, M. D., Rauch, P. A., and Leung, S. W. (1990). “Treatment of pentachlorophenol contaminated soils using Fenton's reagent.” Haz. Waste Haz. Mat., 7(4), 335–345.
21.
Watts, R. J., Udell, M. D., and Leung, S. W. (1991). “Treatment of contaminated soils using catalyzed hydrogen peroxide.” Proc., 1st Int. Symp. Chemical Oxidation: Technol. for the Nineties, W. W. Eckenfelder, A. R
22.
Bowerers, and J. A. Roth, eds., 37–50. Watts, R. J., Udell, M. D., and Mosen, R. M. ( 1993). “Use of iron minerals in optimizing the peroxide treatment of contaminated soils.” Water Envir. Res., 65(7), 839–844.
23.
Yeh, C. K., and Noval, J. T. (1995). “The effect of hydrogen peroxide on the degradation of methyl and ethyl tert-butyl ether in soils.” Water Envir. Res., 67(5), 828–834.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
History
Received: Aug 7, 1998
Published online: Jul 1, 2000
Published in print: Jul 2000
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.