Kinetics of Thermal Decomposition of Epoxy Resin in Nitrogen-Oxygen Atmosphere
Publication: Journal of Environmental Engineering
Volume 123, Issue 10
Abstract
The kinetics of thermal decomposition of epoxy resin are investigated under various heating rates (2, 5, 10, and 20 K/min) and oxygen concentrations (5, 10, and 20%) in the nitrogen-oxygen atmosphere by means of thermogravimetric measurements. Results show that, unlike only one stage of reaction in the inert atmosphere, two reaction stages are involved when oxygen is present in the carrier gas. The initial reaction temperature, in the range of 470–572 K, decreases with increasing oxygen concentration and decreasing heating rate. The rate equations for various oxygen concentrations can be modeled by Arrhenius-type equations, from which kinetic parameters such as activation energy, preexponential factor, and reaction orders for unreacted material and oxygen concentration are determined using Friedman's method. The activation energy is 129.6–151.9 kJ/mol for the first reaction and 103–117.8 kJ/mol for the second reaction, and decreases with increasing oxygen concentration. The cut-off conversion factor between the first and the second reactions is in the range of 0.71–0.74. The complete rate equation, when two-stage reactions are involved, can be obtained by summing the individual weighted rate equations; the weighting factors are determined from the cut-off conversion factor.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
1.
Chen, K. S., and Yeh, R. Z.(1996). “Pyrolysis kinetics of epoxy resin in a nitrogen atmosphere.”J. Haz. Mat., 49, 105–113.
2.
Chen, K. S., Tu, J. T., and Chang, Y. R.(1993). “Steady-steate simulation of heat and mass transfer in rotary kiln incinerators.”Haz. Wastes & It Haz. Mat., 10, 397–407.
3.
Conesa, J. A., Font, R., Marcilla, A., and Garcia, A. N.(1994). “Pyrolysis of polyethylene in a fluidized bed reactor.”Energy & Fuels, 8, 1238–1246.
4.
Cooney, J. D., Day, M., and Wiles, D. M.(1983). “Thermal degradation of poly(ethylene terephthalate): a kinetic analysis of thermogravimetric data.”J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 28, 2887–2902.
5.
Cullis, C. F., and Hirschler, M. M. (1981). The combustion of organic polymers. Clarendon Press, Oxford, England, 110–125.
6.
Dellinger, B., Rubey, W. A., Hall, D. L., and Graham, J. L.(1986). “Incinerability of hazardous wastes.”Haz. Wastes & Haz. Mat., 3, 139–150.
7.
Friedman, H. L.(1965). “Kinetics of thermal degradation of char-forming plastics from thermogravimetry. Application to a phenolic plastic.”J. Polym. Sci. Part C, 6, 183–195.
8.
Groves, S., and Lehrle, R.(1992). “Pyrolysis mechanisms of natural rubber deduced from the dependence of product yields on sample size.”Eur. Polym. J., 28(4), 373–378.
9.
Kim, S., Park, J. K., and Chun, H. D.(1995). “Pyrolysis kinetics of scrap tire rubbers. I: Using DTG and TGA.”J. Envir. Engrg., ASCE, 121(7), 507–514.
10.
Lee, K. C.(1988). “Research areas for improved incineration system performance.”JAPCA, 38(12), 1542–1550.
11.
Lee, L. H.(1965). “Mechanisms of thermal degradation of phenolic condensation polymers. II. Thermal stability and degradation schemes of epoxy resins.”J. Polym. Sci. Part A, 3, 859–882.
12.
Linak, W. P., Kilgore, J. D., McSorley, J. A., Wendt, J. O. L., and Dunn, J. E.(1987). “On the occurrence of transient puff in a rotary kiln incinerator simulator. I. Prototype solid plastic wastes.”JAPCA, 37(1), 54–64.
13.
Petrovic, Z. S., and Zavargo, Z. Z.(1986). “Reliability of methods for determination of kinetic parameters from thermogravimetry and DSC measurements.”J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 32, 4353–4367.
14.
Reich, L.(1964). “A rapid estimation of activation energy from thermogravimetric traces.”Polym. Letters, 2, 621–623.
15.
Sax, N. I., and Lewis, R. J. (1987). Hawley's condensed chemical dictionary, 7th ed., Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, N.Y.
16.
Seeger, M., and Barrall, E. M. (1975). “Pyrolysis—gas chromatographic analysis of chain branching in polyethylene.”J. Polym. Sci. 13, 1515–1529.
17.
Vasile, C., Odochian, L., and Agherghinei, I.(1988). “Thermo-oxidative degradation of polypropylene.”J. Polym. Sci. Part A, 26, 1639–1647.
18.
Westbrook, C. K., and Dryer, F. L.(1981). “Simplified reaction mechanism for the oxidation of hydrocarbon fuels in flames.”Combust. Sci. & Technol., 27, 31–43.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Copyright
Copyright © 1997 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Published online: Oct 1, 1997
Published in print: Oct 1997
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.