Receptor Modeling Approach to VOC Emission Inventory Validation
Publication: Journal of Environmental Engineering
Volume 121, Issue 7
Abstract
The chemical-mass-balance (CMB) receptor model is a method for determining specific-source contributions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) to concentrations of nonmethane organic compounds (NMOCs) measured in the ambient air. Because the method is based on air measurements, it offers an independent check on emission inventories developed by more traditional permit, survey, emission factor, and source-test techniques. This paper reports on the application of the CMB model to speciated NMOC air-measurement data sets collected during the summers of 1984–88 in five U.S. cities: Detroit; Chicago; Beaumont, Tex.; Atlanta; and Washington, D.C. Sources modeled were vehicle tailpipe emissions, fugitive gasoline-vapor emissions, architectural coating solvents, emissions from graphic arts, petroleum refineries, coke ovens, and polyethylene production. Comparisons of the CMB allocation of NMOC to emission inventory allocation of VOC for each city is discussed. Agreement with Environmental Protection Agency inventories for the five cities was generally very good for vehicles. Refinery inventory estimates are lower than CMB estimates by more than a factor of 10 in Chicago and Detroit. Trajectory analysis was used to validate coefficients for coke ovens.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
1.
AMOCO-U.S. EPA pollution prevention project, Yorktown, Virginia. (1992). AMOCO Oil Co., Chicago, Ill., May.
2.
Aronian, P. F., Scheff, P. A., and Wadden, R. A.(1989). “Wintertime source-reconciliation of ambient organics.”Atmospheric Envir., 23, 911–920.
3.
Doskey, P. V., Porter, J. A., and Scheff, P. A.(1992). “Source fingerprints for volatile nonmethane hydrocarbons.”J. Air and Waste Mgmt. Assoc., 42, 11.
4.
Halder, C. A., Van Gorp, G. S., Hatoum, N. S., and Warne, T. H.(1986). “Gasoline vapor exposures, Part 1. Characterization of workplace exposures.”Am. Industrial Hygiene Assoc. J., 47, 164–170.
5.
Harley, R. A., Hannigan, M. P., and Cass, G. R.(1992). “Respeciation of organic gas emissions and the detection of excess unburned gasoline in the atmosphere.”Envir. Sci. and Technol., 26(12), 2395.
6.
“Illinois reasonable further progress report for 1986: Ozone and carbon monoxide.” (1987). Report No. IEPA/APC/87-015, Illinois Envir. Protection Agency, Springfield, Ill., Sep.
7.
Nelson, D., Scheff, P. A., and Keil, C. (1991). “Characterization of volatile organic compounds contained in coke plant emissions,” presented at 84th Annual Meeting, Air and Waste Management Association, Vancouver, British Columbia.
8.
“Northeast corridor regional modeling project—Determination of organic species profiles for gasoline liquids and vapors.” (1980). Report No. EPA-450/4-80-036a, U.S. Envir. Protection Agency, Washington, D.C., Dec.
9.
O'Shea, W. J., and Scheff, P. A.(1988). “A chemical mass balance for volatile organics in Chicago.”J. Air Pollution Control Assoc., 38, 1020–1026.
10.
Rappaport, S. M., Selvin, S., and Waters, M. A.(1987). “Exposure to hydrocarbon components of gasoline in the petroleum industry.”Appl. Industrial Hygiene, 2, 148.
11.
Scheff, P. A., and Wadden, R. A. (1991). “Receptor modeling for volatile organic compounds.”Receptor modeling for air quality management, P. K. Hopke, ed., Elsevier, New York, N.Y.
12.
Scheff, P. A., and Wadden, R. A.(1993). “Receptor modeling of volatile organic compounds. 1. Emission inventory and validation.”Envir. Sci. & Technol., 27, 617–625.
13.
Scheff, P. A., Wadden, R. A., Bates, B. A., and Aronian, P. F.(1989). “Source fingerprints for receptor modeling of volatile organics.”J. Air Pollution Control Assoc., 39, 469–478.
14.
Seila, R. L., and Lonneman, W. A. (1988). “Determination of ambient air hydrocarbons in 39 U.S. cities,” presented at 1988 Air Pollution Control Association meeting, Dallas, Tex.
15.
Sexton, K., and Westberg, H.(1983). “Photochemical ozone formation from petroleum refinery emissions.”Atmospheric Environment, 17, 467.
16.
Sigsby, J. E., Tejada, S., Ray, W., Lang, J. M., and Duncan, J. W.(1987). “Volatile organic compound emissions from 46 in-use passenger cars.”Envir. Sci. and Technol., 21, 466.
17.
Sweet, C. W., and Vermette, S. J. (1992). “Toxic volatile organic compounds in urban air in Illinois.”Envir. Sci. and Technol., 26(1).
18.
“Volatile organic compounds species profiles.” (1990). Air emissions species manual, Vol. 1, Report No. EPA-450/2-90-001a, 2nd ed., U.S. Envir. Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
19.
Wadden, R. A., Uno, I., and Wakamatsu, S.(1986). “Source discrimination of short-term hydrocarbon samples measured aloft.”Envir. Sci. & Tech., 20, 473–483.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Environmental Engineering
Volume 121 • Issue 7 • July 1995
Pages: 483 - 491
Copyright
Copyright © 1995 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Published online: Jul 1, 1995
Published in print: Jul 1995
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.